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Introduction
Published in Ash Ahmed, John Sturges, Materials Science in Construction: An Introduction, 2014
The shipbuilding industry is another large consumer of material; steel is the one used in the greatest amounts. The present size of the world’s merchant fleet stands at 1.0 billion tonnes dead-weight, and comprises just under 43,000 vessels. For the purposes of these statistics, a merchant ship must be over 70 m long (about 230 feet). This tonnage is being added to at the rate of nearly 100,000,000 tonnes per year, with China now being the largest constructor. These figures do not include naval construction, or the construction of smaller vessels of less than 70 m length. The consumption of steel in shipbuilding may therefore be taken as between 150,000,000 and 200,000,000 tonnes per annum. Table 1.2 compares the approximate amounts of material consumed annually by construction, shipbuilding, automobile manufacture and aircraft production.
Barrier Properties of Polymer/Ceramic Composites
Published in Noureddine Ramdani, Polymer and Ceramic Composite Materials, 2019
The marine environment is considered to be a highly aggressive environment for metallic materials. Steels and aluminium are the most common materials being used for shipbuilding, which exhibit a high attitude to oxidation. Corrosion is a major cause of structural deterioration in marine and offshore structures. Due to restrictions on using heavy metals and chromates in coatings, as they impact our environment, organic coating approaches for corrosion protection with inherently conducting polymers have been widely explored [17].
Effect of Freezing–Corrosion Treatment on Wear Resistance of Laser-Cladded Cobalt-Based Coatings on EH32 Steel
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2021
Xueting Chang, Jingrui Zhao, Dongsheng Wang, Haiyan Chen, Shibin Sun
Shipbuilding steels have been widely used to manufacture ship hulls, tankers, bulk carriers, container ships, and liquefied natural gas carriers as well as oil platforms (1–3). As is well known, shipbuilding steels contain common grades of A, B, D, E, AH, DH, EH, and FH, which have different chemical compositions, strength, and impact toughness (4–7). Specially, grades DH and EH shipbuilding steels require high low-temperature toughness and good welding performance and can be applied to build ships that can work under low-temperature conditions, such as polar icebreakers (8). For example, China’s polar icebreaker Snow Dragon 2 was mostly made of EH grade steels. Normally, there is continuous and intense friction and impact between icebreaker ship steels and ice when icebreakers conduct missions in polar regions (8–10). Due to the limited mechanical properties of shipbuilding steels, most icebreakers have low-level icebreaking capability and can only break ice thinner than 2 m (11). In addition, regular maintenance of the icebreaker is required, which could reduce its operating efficiency. To enhance the service life and performance of the icebreaker, it is necessary to improve the mechanical properties of ship steels by means of surface strengthening.
Energy efficiency analysis of a ship’s central cooling system using variable speed pump
Published in Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, 2018
Energy efficiency and environmental affects have great importance on ship design and operations (Boulougouris et al. 2011). Therefore, they have to be core elements in ship design process (ship building) and ship operations, which are carried out by marine engineers and officers. It has a wide applicability to ship systems from engine room operations to cargo operations. These operations are carried out on a complex system which consists of sub-systems that require electrical or mechanical power. Auxiliary systems of an engine room mostly consist of pumping systems. That is why pumps are often a major consumer in this category. They consume almost 50% of the electrical power produced onboard ship. This is a very important portion of the total power. Comparing to the land installations (which is 20%), the importance of pumping systems of ships is very clear. The energy efficiency of pumps should be considered for design and operation as it is mentioned above. The operational energy efficiency of a ship's central cooling water system was analysed in study (Durmusoglu et al. 2015).
Simulation-based planning system for shipbuilding
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2020
Yong Gil Lee, SuHeon Ju, Jong Hun Woo
In shipyards, each vessel is divided into many blocks, which are assembled in a dry-dock (or shipway) to make an entire ship, where the dry-dock is the most essential production resource for shipbuilding. Therefore, maximization of the dry-dock utilization is the main priority of planning and scheduling. Accordingly, production planning determines key events (typically including steel cutting (S/C), keel laying (K/L), launching (L/C), and delivery (D/L)) for building a ship on an dry-dock based on the delivery date. Based on key events, the date of block erection is fixed; subsequently, backward scheduling is conducted to determine the master production plan for the production of each block to be assembled in the erection process.