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Lubricating Gears
Published in Heinz P. Bloch, Kenneth E. Bannister, Practical Lubrication for Industrial Facilities, 2020
Heinz P. Bloch, Kenneth E. Bannister
Gears are machine elements that transmit motion by means of successively engaging teeth (Figures 12-1 and 12-2). Of two gears that run together, the one with the larger number of teeth is called the gear. A pinion is a gear with the smaller number of teeth. A rack is a gear with teeth spaced along a straight line and suitable for straight-line motion. Many kinds of gear teeth are in general use. For each application, the selection will vary depending on the factors involved. One basic rule is that to transmit the same power, more torque is required as speed is reduced. The torque is directly proportional to speed; therefore, the input and output torque for power transmissions are directly proportional to the ratio.
Macrogeometry of Asymmetric Tooth Gears
Published in Alexander L. Kapelevich, Asymmetric Gearing, 2018
where a “+” sign is for external gear mesh and a “−” sign is for internal gear mesh; indexes “1” and “2” are related to parameters of the pinion with number of teeth z1 and of the gear with number of teeth z2 consequently. A pinion typically (but not always) has fewer teeth than a gear and is the driving element of the gear pair.
Effect of electromagnetic energy harvesting technology on safety and low power generation in sustainable transportation: a feasibility study
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2020
Mohammadreza Gholikhani, Mohammadali Sharzehee, Seyed Amid Tahami, Frances Martinez, Samer Dessouky, Lubinda F. Walubita
The rack-and-pinion mechanism was chosen for the ESE prototype developed in this study. In comparison to other component assemblies such as the cam-arm system (Wang et al. 2014), hydraulic power system (Obeid, Jaleel, and Hassan 2014), etc., simplicity and endurance are two advantages of the rack-and-pinion mechanism (Gholikhani, Tahami, and Dessouky 2019). The set of the rack-pinion changes the captured vertical movement, normally wasted in roadways, to a rotational movement in a shaft inside an electromagnetic generator. (Figure 1) illustrates the design of the prototype for ESE implementation. However, for practical simplicity with respect to laboratory experimentation, the fabricated prototype ESE sizes were smaller (432 mm length by 300mm width and 356mm height) than the designed blueprint dimensions (3750 mm length by 300 mm width by 800 mm height (bump height is not considered)). Also only one set of energy generating components was included in the prototype ESE assembly for laboratory experimentation. It is envisioned that the final ESE design, at blueprint dimensions, will amplify the power output for each passage in comparison with the tested ESE in this study.
Validated thoracic vertebrae and costovertebral joints increase biofidelity of a human body model in hub impacts
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2019
Jazmine Aira, Berkan Guleyupoglu, Derek Jones, Bharath Koya, Matthew Davis, F. Scott Gayzik
CV joints of ribs 2, 6, and 10 were subjected to moments per in vitro experimental tests by Duprey et al. (2010) in the following directions: Cranial–caudal flexion/extension, ventral–dorsal flexion/extension, and torsion (Figure 2). In each case, the functional unit was defined as the rib and the respective inferior and superior vertebrae. Experimentally, a threaded rod was inserted into the rib and pushed by an actuator to create axis-specific moment–angle relationships. Numerically, this was represented by a rigid rod implanted in the rib per Duprey et al. (2010) and constrained within the rib using a rigid “plug” made up of trabecular bone elements. A block was used as the driver of motion for the cranial–caudal and ventral–dorsal motions. The torsion case utilized a rack and pinion joint to drive rib motion. To determine response, contact forces were taken from the block impactor and joint forces from the rack and pinion and transformed as per Duprey et al. (2010).
Development of XYZ stage-type display robot system for stock and disposal tasks in convenience stores
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2022
Masashi Seki, Kazuyoshi Wada, Yosuke Kitajima, Masato Hashimoto, Tetsuo Tomizawa
Figure 8 shows the structure of the 3MS hand, which comprises a wrist angle, parallel slider, and finger joints, all driven by a command-type servomotor (Futaba Corporation, RS405CB). The structure of the 3MS hand combines the features of a parallel slider and a multi-fingered hand. A rack-and-pinion mechanism is installed to change the distance between two fingers. In addition, a rotating grip with two grasping surfaces is attached to the fingertip of the hand through a bearing. The grasping surface of the rotating grip can be switched depending on the angle of each finger. Three grasping modes