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Final drives and rear axles
Published in M.J. Nunney, Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology, 2007
A limited-slip differential is essentially a device that will allow normal differential action of the driving wheels for negotiating corners, but prevents loss of traction in the event of either driving wheel losing adhesion. Since the conventional differential always divides torque equally, it follows that if means can be found to increase the torque needed to turn the wheel having less grip, then the torque delivered to the wheel having more grip can be increased to maintain traction. Although it was in the field of motor racing that the need for some limitation on differential action first became imperative, because otherwise such cars would be virtually unmanageable when accelerating from a standing start or out of a slow corner, it was the ever-increasing power of American cars in the late 1950s that led to the development of the limited-slip or controlled-slip types of differential as we know them today.
Electric Vehicles
Published in Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Ali Emadi, and Fuel Cell Vehicles, 2017
Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Ali Emadi
Figure 4.3a shows the configuration of the first alternative, in which an electric propulsion replaces the IC engine of a conventional vehicle drive train. It consists of an electric motor, a clutch, a gearbox, and a differential. The clutch and gearbox may be replaced by an automatic transmission. The clutch is used to connect or disconnect the power of the electric motor from the driven wheels. The gearbox provides a set of gear ratios to modify the speed–power (torque) profile to match the load requirement (refer to Chapter 2). The differential is a mechanical device (usually a set of planetary gears), which enables the wheels of both sides to be driven at different speeds when the vehicle runs along a curved path.
Planetary Gear Trains
Published in Eric Constans, Karl B. Dyer, Introduction to Mechanism Design, 2018
The gearset shown in Figure 9.6 is different from the preceding gearsets in that it is composed of miter gears rather than spur (or helical) gears. The “sun” gears are those that do not undergo the epicyclic motion experienced by the planets. As we will see in the next section, the differential can be used to measure the difference in speed between two shafts for the purpose of synchronization. In addition, the differential is often used in automotive drivetrains to overcome the difference in wheel speed when a car goes around a corner.
A novel continuously variable-speed offshore wind turbine with magnetorheological transmission for optimal power extraction
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
As shown in Figure 1, the gear train is designed with a three-stage planetary power split transmission. The first-stage planet carrier is directly connected to the main shaft of the turbine rotor, which utilizes the differential speed characteristics of the planetary gear train. The second-stage sun gear and the third-stage internal ring gear adopt a floating design with a small moment of inertia, which is used to eliminate the influence of manufacturing errors on load distribution, and is conducive to uniform load transmission. The wind power from the turbine rotor is transmitted in two power flows, one of them is transmitted from the 1st -stage planetary gears to the 3rd -stage inner ring gear and planetary gears. The second power flow is transferred to the 3rd -stage planetary carrier via the 1st -stage sun gear and the magnetorheological device. All the transmitted power is summed at the 3rd -stage sun gear and is then transferred to the high-speed shaft and generator after speeding up through the parallel gear train.
Optimal control of a NASCAR – specification race car
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2023
D. J. N. Limebeer, M. Bastin, E. Warren, H. G. Fensham
The inequality constraints include the maximum engine power constraint The limited-slip differential constraint is while the brake balance constraint is the wheel torques are given by The wheel radii are given by and so on. The minima in (55) ensure that the brake balance constraint only applies to braking torques. Constraints that ensure that the car remains on the track are in which is the (position-dependent) track width. The first two constraints ensure that no wheel touches the right-hand track boundary, while the second two constraints ensure the same for the left-hand boundary.
Dynamic characteristics and friction torque design method for bogies with friction coupling independently rotating wheelsets
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2022
Yuanjin Ji, Youpei Huang, Han Leng, Lihui Ren, Jinsong Zhou, Dao Gong
Currently, a new type of coupled wheelset structure with independently rotating wheelsets is available, that is, the left and right wheels are coupled through a dry friction pair. friction coupling independently rotating wheelsets have a simple structure, low cost, and easy implementation and application. Bracciali et al. proposed the concept of partially independent wheelsets (partially independently rotating wheelsets) (Fig. 1a), comparatively analysed the dynamic performance of partially independent wheelsets and the rigid wheelset, and focused on the effect of a torque limiter on rolling contact fatigue (RCF). They indicated that setting an appropriate torque limiter could effectively decrease the rail RCF damage and the formation of rail corrugation on small-radius curves [12,13]. Shi et al. proposed a new type of lateral coupling structure for independent rotating wheels (IRW) (Fig. 1b), which used the friction pair instead of the gear pair to synchronise the rotation speed of the left and right wheels, so as to obtain the longitudinal creep rate [14]. Leng Han et al. established the mechanical model of the transverse friction coupling independently rotating wheelsets (TFCW) based on the structure of the friction limited-slip differential (Fig. 1c), studied the curve performance and critical speed of the friction coupling independently rotating wheelsets, and analysed the effect of friction torque on dynamic performance [15].