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Smart Parking and the Grid
Published in Fadi Al-Turjman, Smart Grid in IoT-Enabled Spaces, 2020
Fadi Al-Turjman, Arman Malekloo
Conventional parking meters were always slow and inconvenient to use. Nevertheless, the smart payment system has been developed and integrated nowadays with IoT and advanced technologies that assure reliability and fast payment methods [15]. This system uses contactless, contact, and mobile modes to achieve its purpose. In contactless mode, smart cards and RFID technologies such as automated vehicle identification (AVI) tags are used. In contact mode, credit and debit cards are utilized. In mobile mode, mobile phone services are used to collect the payment [8,15]. In Ref. [36], the authors proposed image processing technology in conjunction with SPS by utilizing RFID technology. This enables drivers to recall their parking spot, which contains the duration information required to calculate the parking fee. Internet-connected parking meters can also be used as a tool for the parking patterns determination and prediction, especially for the on-street parking where machine learning techniques are applied. However, the technical issue with SPS is the reliability and integrity of the system in case of wireless signal interception and/or routing protocol attacks, which could compromise confidential information [37].
Intelligent Parking Solutions in the IoT-based Smart Cities
Published in Fadi Al-Turjman, Intelligence in IoT-enabled Smart Cities, 2018
Fadi Al-Turjman, Arman Malekloo
In Idris et al. the authors proposed image processing technology in conjunction with SPS by utilizing RFID technology [19]. This enables drivers to both recall their parking spot which contains the duration information of parking that also enables the calculation of parking fee. Internet-connected parking meters could also be used as a tool for parking patterns and parking predictions especially for on-street parking where the data could be valuable for predicting parking spots with the help of machine learning.
Logistics sustainability practices: an IoT-enabled smart indoor parking system for industrial hazardous chemical vehicles
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2020
Zhiheng Zhao, Mengdi Zhang, Gangyan Xu, Dengyin Zhang, George Q. Huang
The technology of IoT already applied in many areas such as manufacturing, warehousing and logistics (Kong et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2018; Zhong and Ge 2018; Chen et al. 2019). Smart parking is always a strategic issue to work on. The smart parking applications start from RFID solution. Check-in and -out is handled in a fast manner by adding RFID tags on the vehicles. Traffic jam problem can be avoided during these processes (Pala and Inanc 2007). An IoT-based E-Parking system for smart cities is proposed by Sadhukhan (2017). They develop parking meter to real-time detecting the improper parking, estimating the vehicles’ duration and then automatic collection of the parking charges. Pham et al. (2015) proposed a system that helps users automatically find a free parking space at the least cost based on new performance metrics to calculate the user parking cost by considering the distance and the total number of free places in each car park. This research also implements a system prototype with wireless access in an open-source physical computing platform based on Arduino with RFID technology using a smartphone that provides the communication and user interface for both the control system and the vehicles to verify the feasibility of the proposed system. Khanna and Anand (2016) developed a smart parking system consists of an on-site deployment of an IoT module that is used to monitor and signalise the state of availability of each single parking space. Infrared and ultrasonic sensors are used for detecting the space availability. Mainetti et al. (2015) present a novel smart parking system based on the jointly use of different technologies. The system collects environmental parameters and information about the occupancy state of parking spaces in a real-time manner, and directs drivers to the nearest vacant parking spot through mobile applications. The Near Field Communication (NFC) is designed to allow users to pay for parking fees. Hassoune et al. (2016) make a survey about smart parking systems. Advantages and disadvantages of services, technologies are theoretical compared among research. Wang (2018) proposes a BLE-based pedestrian (driver) navigation system for positioning, route planning and guidance information presentation. Numerous BLE beacons as anchors are placed at the aisle of the indoor garage. The BLE beacons assist the pedestrian to determine their locations based on proximity approach.