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Solar Energy for Green Engineering Using Multicomponent Absorption Power Cycle
Published in Shrikaant Kulkarni, Neha Kanwar Rawat, A. K. Haghi, Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, 2020
Satchidanand R. Satpute, Nilesh A. Mali, Sunil S. Bhagwat
The low temperature heats sources are generally derive their energy from geothermal, solar or some waste heat sources. Solar energy can be used at various temperatures, depending on the collection method used. Low temperature heat sources have low availability of exergy and are not usually preferred as the energy sources. Such sources would be considered useful only if some economic advantage is found in their utilization. For instance, a geothermal power plant could prove to be economically feasible to supply an area in the vicinity of a geothermal steam field. Several power cycles that are suitable for use with low temperature heat sources have been proposed in the literature and have been used in practice. The Rankine cycle has been developed for use with low temperature heat sources by using low boiling working fluids such as organic fluids. Organic Rankine cycles (ORC) have been proposed and extensively used in geothermal power plants and low temperature solar power conversion.
Vapor and Advanced Power Cycles
Published in Kavati Venkateswarlu, Engineering Thermodynamics, 2020
This cycle is named organic Rankine cycle (ORC), since it uses an organic, high molecular mass fluid with a liquid-vapor phase change (boiling point), which occurs at a comparatively lower temperature than that of water-steam phase change. ORC utilizes the organic substances such as ammonia, pentane, and some common refrigerants such as R12, R123, and R134-a as working fluid. The selection of these fluids depends on the specific application for which they are used. For the production of power from low-temperature sources such as industrial waste heat, internal combustion engine waste heat, geothermal hot water, and concentrating solar collectors typically use the working fluid with low boiling point.
Concentrated Solar Energy-Driven Multi-Generation Systems Based on the Organic Rankine Cycle Technology
Published in Subhas K Sikdar, Frank Princiotta, Advances in Carbon Management Technologies, 2020
Nishith B Desai, Fredrik Haglind
Multi-generation systems achieve a higher efficiency and a higher energy utilization factor than plants producing only electricity (Karellas and Braimakis, 2016). Concentrated solar energy-driven multi-generation systems are also suitable for decentralized installations. Integrated systems powered by concentrated solar energy and biomass energy make up a promising option (Mathkor et al., 2015). Wu et al. (2019) proposed the integration of a concentrated solar thermal energy and power cycle system with a conventional combined cooling, heating and power system. A representation of possible energy conversion routes of concentrated solar thermal energy-powered multi-generation systems is shown in Figure 1. In the case of a typical parabolic trough collector field, the optical losses (including shading and blocking, cleanliness, shielding by bellows) are about 37%and the thermal losse s (including thermal losses from piping) are about 18% (Heller, 2017). For small to medium-scale application (a few kWe to a few MWe), organic Rankine cycle power systems have been demonstrated to be efficient solutions for multi-generation plantr (Astolfi et al., 2017; El-Emam and Dincer, 2018). Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems can be effectively used for energy sources, like concentrated solar power, biomass, waste heat, geothermal, and ocean thermal. The main advantages of organic Rankine cycle power systems employing dry and isentropic working fluids are the high isentropic efficiency of the turbine at design and part-load conditions, quick start-up, long life-time of the components, low mechanical stresses in turbine blades, automatic and unmanned operation, low operation and maintenance costs, and flexibility and ability to follow variable load profiles (Algieri and Morrone, 2012). All the mentioned characteristics make ORC units particularly suitable for supplying the electricity demand for a vapor compression refrigeration system and/or for a reverse osmosis system or the thermal energy (using high temperature working fluid vapor available at the exhaust of turbine) demand for a vapor absorption refrigeration system and/or for a water distillation system. When designed for multi-product purposes (thermal energy-driven), the system is designed with a condensation pressure higher than that of systems designed for power generation only. Hoffmann and Dall (2018) reported that the levelized cost of electricity for a solar power tower integrated Rankine cycle increases by 8.8% when used for co-generation. This is because the condensing stream leaving the turbine should be at a higher temperature in order to act as an energy source for the cogeneration application. The revenue generated from the other product (heat, fresh water, or cooling) may compensate for this low efficiency.
A modeling of electricity generation by using geothermal assisted organic Rankine cycle with internal heat recovery
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
A. S. Canbolat, A. H. Bademlioglu, O. Kaynakli
One of the most widely used processes for generating electricity from different renewable energy resources, primarily geothermal energy and solar energy, is the organic Rankine cycle. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC), which operates on the same principle as Rankine cycles thermodynamically, is a power generation system where hydrocarbon-based organic fluids are used as fluid instead of water in low-temperature ranges. Many studies have shown that organic molecular fluids with high molecular weight, critical temperature, and low pressure, dry and isentropic are more suitable than hydrocarbon-based organic fluids used in organic Rankine cycle systems (Drescher and Bruggemann 2007; He et al. 2012; Mago 2012; Mago, Chamra, and Somayaji 2007; Quoilin et al. 2013; Rayegan and Tao 2011; Tchanche et al. 2009; Vidhi et al. 2013).
Recent advances in gas/steam power cycles for concentrating solar power
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Achintya Sharma, Anoop Kumar Shukla, Onkar Singh, Meeta Sharma
From the last decade, the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has turned out to be an active field of research and emerges as a prospective technology for power generation. ORC technology is the same as the conventional steam turbine, except for a single significant difference of working fluid (Quoilin et al. 2013). ORC utilised high molecular weight organic working fluid (such as hydrocarbons, refrigerants and siloxanes) which yields an excellent performance along with various significant benefits: lower pressure, slower turbine rotation and no erosion of blades and other metallic parts. Due to the lower boiling points of organic fluids, it is considered a suitable option to convert heat from small and medium temperature sources (such as solar thermal, waste heat recovery, biomass, and, geothermal) into useful work or power generation (Baral and Kim 2014). The application of ORCs for electricity generation lies in the range from a few watts to some megawatts.
Investigation of thermal architectures for flue-gas assisted organic rankine cycle systems: an assessment for thermodynamics and environmental performance indicators
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Burak Turkan, Akin Burak Etemoglu, Muhiddin Can
It is well-known that a tremendous amount of heat is wasted in the thermal processes. Forman et al. (2016) estimated that 72% of the global primary energy consumption is lost during thermal processes and 63% of the considered waste heat streams have a temperature below 100°C (Forman et al. 2016). Therefore, instead of traditional energy production/conversion systems which are not suitable for efficient production/conversion of low to moderate grade heat sources, the development of alternative solutions for these sources should be considered as a rational approach. The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), which is a heat recovery technology, converts waste heat into power, using a low-boiling organic material as the working fluid. Moreover, ORC technology is identified as an effective choice for heat and/or power production from low to medium grade waste heat sources because of its advantages such as adaptability to different operating conditions, construction simplicity, equipment sizes, automatic control and power generation capability (Quoilin et al. 2013; Sun, Yue, and Wang 2017; Velez et al. 2012). But, it is also clear that the optimum improvement of an energy conversion system such as ORC technology is highly complicated due to the existence of different factors.