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Motion Vector Analysis Using Machine Learning Models to Identify Lung Damages for COVID-19 Patients
Published in P. Madhumathy, M. Vinoth Kumar, R. Umamaheswari, Machine Learning and IoT for Intelligent Systems and Smart Applications, 2021
Malik Mohamed Umar, Murugaiya Ramashini, M.G.M. Milani
Ultrasound is the safest and cost-effective medical imaging method that is available to all. Ultrasound imaging contains varieties of applications (i.e. cardiac diagnosis, diagnosis of the spine and internal organ). Medical ultrasound images use high-frequency sound waves to capture photos of parts of the inside of the body. The ultrasound videos are produced by combining the real-time images. Thus, it can display different portions of parts of the body such as organs, vessels and tissues in one frame to allow the clinicians to have a better understanding of the patient’s condition and to assign a particular treatment [15]. Apart from many other organs, ultrasound is commonly used to observe the functional behaviour of the lungs. The popularity of ultrasound scanning in lungs has increased because it carries sufficient information to diagnose the common lung pathologies such as pleural pathology, pericardial pathology, shortness of breath, cyanosis, cough, and shock [16].
Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging
Published in P. Kaliraj, T. Devi, Artificial Intelligence Theory, Models, and Applications, 2021
MRI works under the principle of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in which strong magnetic and radiofrequency fields create images of tissues. It is used to visualize morphological changes in tissues based on its ability to record changes in proton density and magnetic spin relaxation time. Medical Ultrasound, also known as ultrasonography, uses high- frequency sound waves in the megahertz frequency range. Ultrasonic images are produced when different tissues reflect these sound waves differently. The US system consists of an ultrasound transducer, which acts as both an ultrasound transmitter and receiver of echo. Doppler US scanners are used to assess blood flow in arteries and veins.
Ultrasound-Responsive Nanomedicine
Published in Lin Zhu, Stimuli-Responsive Nanomedicine, 2021
Tyrone M. Portera, Jonathan A. Kopechek
Ultrasound is widely used throughout the world for sensing and imaging applications. In nature, ultrasound is used by animals such as bats, whales, and dolphins for communication and to locate prey. Over the past century, ultrasound technology has been developed for many industrial and military applications, including non-destructive evaluation of materials (to locate cracks in aircraft skin for example), underwater sensing (Sonar), and motion tracking. The development of ultrasound technology also led to advances in medical imaging applications. Ultrasound imaging was first developed in the 1950s by an engineer (Tom Brown) and an obstetrician (Ian Donald) in Scotland. Medical ultrasound is now widely used for imaging applications which include echocardiography (imaging heart anatomy and function), gynecological ultrasonography (including fetal imaging), and abdominal sonography.
Flexible needle posture control stratagem for ultrasound-based puncture manipulator system
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2020
Bo Zhang, Kui Chen, Zheming Zhang, Lei Zhang, Liqun Zhang, Wennan Luan, Qiang Huang, Masakatsu G. Fujie
With the continuing rapid development of robotic technology, increasing numbers of robot systems are being introduced into the medical field [1,2]. Central venous catheterization (CVC) is a technique that involves venous puncture and catheter insertion. CVC is an indispensable means of treatment for critically ill patients. Needle insertion is usually guided using 2D medical ultrasound (US) images. There are two important steps in CVC surgery, which are puncturing a blood vessel using a needle and then inserting a guide wire and catheter into the blood vessel. In traditional CVC surgery, the puncture needle is controlled by hand by a doctor. After the needle enters the blood vessel, the needle tip position and the needle’s posture are adjusted to provide a suitable guided wire insertion angle [3,4]. Because of the shaking of the doctor's hands, tiredness after long operations and the varied levels of experience of the doctors, the resulting precision and puncture stability results could be very different.
Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of 1, 8-dioxodecahydroacridine derivatives in presence of Ag doped CdS nanocatalyst
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Divya Verma, Vikash Sharma, Shubha Jain, Gunadhor Singh Okram
Analytical grade commercial solvents and reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Fluka, and Merck, and used as received. Melting points (MPs) of all the prepared samples were measured and are presented in Table S1†. Mass spectra (MS) were recorded with a Xevo G2-S Q Tof (Waters, USA). 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a ECS 400 MHz (JEOL) NMR spectrometer in DMSO-D6 solutions. IR spectra were recorded on a Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrometer (FT-IR Spectrum 2, Perkin Elmer) with absorptions in wave numbers (cm−1). Ultrasonication was performed in an IMECO ICW (P) medical ultrasound cleaner.