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Geothermal-based power system integrated with Kalina and organic Rankine cycle
Published in Anoop Kumar Shukla, Onkar Singh, Meeta Sharma, Rakesh Kumar Phanden, J. Paulo Davim, Hybrid Power Cycle Arrangements for Lower Emissions, 2022
Amirmohammad Behzadi, Ahmad Arabkoohsar
The Kalina cycle is an innovative low-temperature power cycle using a zeotropic mixture of two fluids (ammonia and water), leading to a lower temperature mismatching in the evaporator, improving the quality of the WHR process. Among various Kalina cycles proposed in the literature, the newest and advanced ones (KCS 11 and KCS 34) are investigated and compared in the present study. According to Figure 2.1(d), the evaporated ammonia-water mixture (state 9) with a mass fraction of 0.8 leaves the evaporator toward the separator. In the separator, the mixture is divided into the ammonia-rich vapor (state 3) entering the turbine to produce power and the weak saturated solution (state 10) going into the regenerator to heat the cold stream from the pump (state 7). In the absorber, the turbine outlet mixture (state 4) is mixed with the fluid passing through the valve (state 12). Afterward, the mixed solution (state 5) passes through the condenser to become a saturated liquid (state 6). As depicted in Figure 2.1(e), the KCS 34 is a modified version of KCS 11. A low-temperature regenerator is added to preheat the pump outlet mixture before entering the high-temperature regenerator.
Improving Process Efficiency by Waste Heat Recuperation
Published in Sheila Devasahayam, Kim Dowling, Manoj K. Mahapatra, Sustainability in the Mineral and Energy Sectors, 2016
Ibrahim A. Sultan, Truong H. Phung, Ali Alhelal
Another type of binary fluid cycle utilises the fluid mixture instead of single-component fluids (i.e. a mixture of water and ammonia). Depicted in Figure 25.9 are the Maloney and Robertson, and the Kalina cycles. These are two of the mixture fluid cycles which have been developed and tested over the years. The Maloney and Robertson cycle do not offer an advantage over the Rankine cycle; hence, the investigation on such a cycle has been terminated. The Kalina cycle, on the other hand, offers an improvement of thermal efficiency in the order of 3% above what the standard Rankine cycle can offer. However, the Kalina cycle is not cost effective in comparison with the standard ORC because of the high evaporator pressure and large evaporator surface requirements (Tchanche et al., 2014). With the ambition to achieve higher thermal efficiency, ‘Uehara cycle’, a modification of the Kalina cycle, has emerged, which yields higher efficiency than both the Kalina and Rankine cycles. However, the structure of the Uehara cycle has to be very complex to convey such efficiency; hence it has been abandoned (DiPippo, 2004; Tchanche et al., 2014).
Power generation techniques
Published in D. Chandrasekharam, Jochen Bundschuh, Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Resources for Power Generation, 2008
D. Chandrasekharam, Jochen Bundschuh
This cycle, named after Dr Alexander Kalina who invented it (Kalina 1983), utilized a simple mixture of ammonia and water that was used to run engines. This cycle is also known as the ammonia-water cycle. Later, the design was modified to suit several industrial applications. Waste heat from industries (for example, cement industry) can be utilized to generate power using the Kalina cycle. Ammonia and water have similar molecular weights (ammonia: 17 kg/kmol; water: 18 kg/kmol), are soluble in each other and can be separated with ease. Both these liquids have different boiling temperature (ammonia:–33 °C; water: 100 °C) and thus, the mixture, depending on the mixture ratio, evaporates over a wide range of boiling temperatures and is best suited to generate power from low-enthalpy geothermal water by making slight alteration to the steam turbines (Kalina and Leibowitz 1987). Ammonia is not expensive and is used commonly in absorption refrigeration. Ammonia does not deplete ozone, and thus does not contribute to global warming.
Solar-based Kalina cycle integrated with PEM fuel cell boosted by thermoelectric generator: Development and thermodynamic analysis
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2021
Shoaib Khanmohammadi, Hooman Abdi Chaghakaboodi, Farayi Musharavati
One of the promising thermodynamic cycles, which recently have attracted many researchers, is the Kalina cycle. The Kalina cycle, named after the Russian engineer Alexander Kalina, is a thermodynamic cycle for exchange thermal energy to mechanical power (Kalina 1988). A mixture of water and ammonia is the working fluid in these systems. Ammonia has a lower boiling point compared with water. Hence, when the temperature of the mixture enhances, the ammonia will boil first while in the case the mixture is cooled the water will condense first (Kalina 1986). The main advantage of the ammonia–water mixture is that at subcritical pressure, it has variable evaporation and condensation temperatures while evaporation and condensation of pure substance occur at a constant temperature (Wang et al. 2013). Variable evaporation and condensation temperatures can provide better performance for the system. There are recently published research focused on the combination of Kalian cycles (Zare and Palideh 2018; Wang et al. 2014; Peng et al. 2012d; Parikhani et al. 2020).
Co- and tri-generation system based on absorption refrigeration cysle: a review
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2020
Mingzhang Pan, Yanmei Huang, Yan Zhu, Dongwu Liang, Youcai Liang, Guopeng Yu
Kalina Cycle is an improved Rankine cycle with higher system efficiency and suitable for combined bottom cycle. Therefore, compared with Rankine cycle, Kalina cycle is more suitable for combined power and cool system. Compared with the dual-loop system, the single loop system shares components, so the cost of this kind of system is lower and the volume is smaller. And the performance difference between the two systems is not obvious, so the single loop system has greater advantages. At present, the trigeneration system is widely used. Among them, the capacity of gas turbine is different, which is suitable for various sizes of trigeneration system, and the technology of trigeneration system based on gas turbine is mature and reliable. The fuel cell based on trigeneration system has the advantages of high efficiency and energy saving, but it is not cost effective. Using renewable energy such as biomass energy and solar energy is a new trend of combined system, and also a relatively advanced technology at present. Finally, the performance coefficient of absorption refrigeration system is lower than that of traditional compression refrigeration system, but the advantage of absorption refrigeration cycle is its thermal activation characteristic, which means that it has an important development prospect in heat recovery of co- and tri-generation system.
Comprehensive review on cogeneration systems for low and medium temperature heat recoveries
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Narayanan Shankar Ganesh, Munisamy Omprakash
Cogeneration systems on medium temperature waste heat recovery applications are presently focused in sizable numbers. However, not much improvement in the system configurations has been noticed. The cogeneration systems utilizing heat recovery from medium temperature applications result from an improvement in the energy and exergy performances. Not much focus on ORC based configurations has been observed in recent times. Kalina cycle results in higher performance in medium temperature applications.