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Electrical Aspects
Published in Frank R. Spellman, The Science of Wind Power, 2022
The electromagnet is of great importance in electricity simply because the magnetism can be “turned on” or “turned off” at will. The starter solenoid (an electromagnet) in automobiles and powerboats is a good example. In an automobile or boat, an electromagnet is part of a relay that connects the battery to the induction coil, which generates the very high voltage needed to start the engine. The starter solenoid isolates this high voltage from the ignition switch. When no current flows in the coil, it is an “air core,” but when the coil is energized, a movable soft-iron core does two things. First, the magnetic flux is increased because the soft-iron core is more permeable than the air core. Second, the flux is more highly concentrated. All this concentration of magnetic lines of force in the soft-iron core results in a very good magnet when current flows in the coil. However, soft iron loses its magnetism quickly when the current is shut off. The effect of the soft iron is, of course, the same whether it is movable, as in some solenoids, or permanently installed in the coil. An electromagnet then consists of a coil and a core; it becomes a magnet when current flows through the coil.
Ignition and fuel
Published in Andrew Livesey, Practical Motorsport Engineering, 2019
This is connected to the battery through the main fuse box. The ignition switch makes and breaks the ignition circuit. When the engine is not running the switch must be off to disconnect the electrical power supply and so prevent the coil from overheating. Switching the ignition off also switches off other related circuits and prevents the battery from being discharged. The ignition switch is also a security device to prevent the vehicle from being stolen or used unlawfully. The ignition switch is combined with the steering lock, for added security and the convenience of needing only one key for both the steering lock and the ignition switch. The ignition switch/steering lock is situated on the side of the steering column near to the dashboard within easy reach for the driver. The ignition switch on road cars also incorporates the starter switch.
Voltage and Current Sources
Published in Richard C. Dorf, Circuits, Signals, and Speech and Image Processing, 2018
Richard C. Dorf, Clayton R. Paul, J.R. Cogdell
The preceding ideal independent sources constrain the terminal voltage or current to a known function of time independent of the circuit that may be placed across its terminals. Practical sources, such as batteries, have their terminal voltage (current) dependent upon the terminal current (voltage) caused by the circuit attached to the source terminals. A simple example of this is an automobile storage battery. The battery’s terminal voltage is approximately 12 V when no load is connected across its terminals. When the battery is applied across the terminals of the starter by activating the ignition switch, a large current is drawn from its terminals. During starting, its terminal voltage drops as illustrated in Figure 2.9(a). How shall we construct a circuit model using the ideal elements discussed thus far to model this nonideal behavior? A model is shown in Figure 2.9(b) and consists of the series connection of an ideal resistor, Rs, and an ideal independent voltage source, Vs = 12 V.
Working Performance and Feasibility Evaluation of Four-stroke Compressed Air Engine
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
The CAE system model mainly includes power monitoring management module and control module. Among them, the power-monitoring management module primarily involves ignition switch power supply and controller power supply, and the control module mainly includes electronic throttle control and engine operation control. In our system, we further set up the ignition switch and controller power monitoring management module, aiming to monitor the ignition switch signal and power supply of the controller, respectively. The main function of the throttle control module was to control the operation of the throttle motor, including motor enabling, motor steering, PWM cycle, and conduction time. The model of CAE operation control module was relatively complicated, and its main function was to collect the CAE operation, control inflation timing and pulse width, etc. After completion of the system model in Matlab/Simulink, it was necessary to compile the model and completed the automatic code generation. Meanwhile, an automatic report would be generated.
Effectiveness of simulator training compared to machine training for equipment operators in the logging industry
Published in International Journal of Forest Engineering, 2023
Erin Burk, Han-Sup Han, Mathew Smidt, Bruce Fox
For the skidder portion of the study, participants were trained on John Deere branded equipment. The skidder we used was the John Deere 648-LII, the smallest of the John Deere grapple skidders. The simulator we used was a prototype of the John Deere Full Simulator with 848-LII skidder software. The controls on this simulator were slightly different from the real skidder – there was no parking brake, ignition switch, or blade switch, the driving pedals were different, and the steering direction was reversed from the real skidder. The simulator did not feature motion feedback (i.e. the seat was mounted on a still platform). Some simulators do feature a moving seat platform that simulates the forces typically felt when operating a machine in the forest.
Accessing and operating agricultural machinery: Advancements in assistive technology for users with impaired mobility
Published in Assistive Technology, 2019
Shawn G. Ehlers, William E. Field
Over the years, the two main sources of power for lift technology have been electric and hydraulic. Today, nearly all the newer lifts are electric powered; even where hydraulics are utilized, they are often powered by an independent electric pump. The electrical system is easily accessed on machinery without the engine running, which greatly improves the safety of lift-equipped machines. Early hydraulics-only lifts required the machine to be started from the ground (with a secondary ignition switch) to power the lift. Serious safety concerns with this design stemmed from the possibility of the machine being left in gear, thus increasing the potential for runovers.