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Systems and transducers
Published in Charlie Cullen, Learn Audio Electronics with Arduino, 2020
There are many types of switch, but they all effectively change an open circuit into a closed circuit by closing some form of electrical contact (we learned about open circuits in the previous chapter). The push-button switch is often referred to as a momentary action switch, because electrical contact is only made during the moment that mechanical force (e.g. finger pressure) is applied. This type of switch is commonly used in computer keyboards, and at a basic level the same trigger is used in synthesizer keyboards and other MIDI controllers (though they also incorporate more advanced velocity and pressure sensors made from piezoelectric materials). Toggle switches, as the name implies, toggle between open and closed states – such as the on/off switch on an amplifier. Rotary and joystick switches effectively combine more than one switch within a single component, allowing either multiple outputs (rotary) or multiple switches (joystick) to be engaged with a single movement. We can also describe a switch by the number of poles (circuits) and throws (output paths) it has (Figure 2.21).
Circuit Components
Published in Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton, Microcontroller Programming, 2018
Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton
A biased switch is one in which the actuator is automatically returned to a certain position, usually by the action of a spring. A push-button switch is a type of biased switch, of which the most common type is a push-to-make switch. In this case, the contact makes when the button is pressed and breaks when it is released. A push-to-break switch, on the other hand, breaks contact when the button is pressed. Many other special function switches are available; for example, tilt switches, such as the mercury switch, in which contact is made by a blob of mercury inside a glass bulb as the switch is tilted. Other specialized switches are activated by vibration, pressure, fluid level (as in the float switch), linear or rotary movement, the turning of a key, a radio signal, or a magnetic field.
Boolean Algebra and Circuit Realizations
Published in Eugene D. Fabricius, Modern Digital Design and Switching Theory, 2017
There are two categories of switches, toggle and push-button. Toggle switches, such as light switches on a wall, remain in one state until “toggled” to the other state. This type switch will be discussed with respect to flip-flops and memory devices. The push-button switch is a momentary switch such as those found on a calculator or computer keyboard. These switches have a normal position and an asserted position and their behavior can be simulated by transistors in a logic switching circuit.
The wavedrifter: a low-cost IMU-based Lagrangian drifter to observe steepening and overturning of surface gravity waves and the transition to turbulence
Published in Coastal Engineering Journal, 2023
F. Feddersen, Andre Amador, Kanoa Pick, A. Vizuet, Kaden Quinn, Eric Wolfinger, J. H. MacMahan, Adam Fincham
The wavedrifter was designed to be water following by co-optimizing two factors : (1) be as small as possible while still containing the electronics and (2) have elevated drag. The exterior housing consists of two half-spheres that when joined form the wavedrifter body, which has an outer-diameter of 5 cm and an inner diameter of 4.18 cm (Figure 1a). Attached to the outer surface of the sphere, three 1-cm wide rings run along the sphere at a latitude of zero degrees (i.e. equator) and longitude of −90, 0, 90, and 180 degrees (Figure 1a). These rings provide extra drag to increase the wavedrifter’s water following properties. On the joining surface of the two half-spheres is a groove for an O31 o-ring. The two halves of the wavedrifter exterior housing are joined and sealed using four M2.5 screw/hex nut pairs at four reinforced locations where the rings intersect (Figure 1a,b). A 1.7 cm wide circular port is placed on the exterior housing where an IP68 push-button switch is seated (Figure 1a,b). The two half-spheres were 3D printed with FormLabs Durable resin to ensure strength under pressure and a smooth surface for the O-ring. One side of the external housing is red to be highly visible and the other side is translucent allowing the internal LED to be visible (Figure 1b). The exterior housing with switch was hydrostatically tested to a depth of 7 m without leaking. Exterior housing costs are approximately $150 per wavedrifter.
An efficient industry 4.0 architecture for energy conservation using an automatic machine monitor and control in the foundry
Published in Automatika, 2022
M. Dinesh, C. Arvind, K. Srihari
The internal timer can be affected by runaway code. An external watchdog is equipped with a separate clock source to better its reliability; if properly configured, it cannot be bypassed or disabled by runaway code. In the proposed design, the MAX705 IC is used for a hardware watchdog timer to generate a reset pulse when the supply voltage drops. Watchdog output goes low if the watchdog input for the microcontroller pin has not been toggled within 1.6 s. When it stops, the MAX705 trigger output is toggled to the controller restart pin. Also, the manual-reset input allows resetting the trigger using a push-button switch. The pin configuration of the MAX705 watchdog timer is shown in Figure 5.
An engineering perspective on the quality of the automotive push-buttons’ haptic feedback in optimal and suboptimal interactions
Published in Journal of Engineering Design, 2019
Nuno Valverde, A.M.R. Ribeiro, Elsa Henriques, Mihail Fontul
There are several forms of interaction (Bhise 2011, Chapter 5) with automotive secondary and tertiary functions (Tönnis, Broy, and Klinker 2006), and many interface technologies are possible to be chosen. Yet, for the sake of usability, functionalities and other design issues, push-buttons, rotary switches, and knobs are the most commonly offered in radio bezels. A discrete push-button switch is the simplest form of interaction with a car. By displacing a mechanical device, usually with one functional degree of freedom, an electronic tactile switch is pressed bellow the button cap, activating a micro switch (Lepore, Williamson, and Lipták 2006).