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Summary, synthesis, and conclusions
Published in Carryl L. Baldwin, Bridget A. Lewis, Pamela M. Greenwood, Designing Transportation Systems for Older Adults, 2019
Carryl L. Baldwin, Bridget A. Lewis, Pamela M. Greenwood
Older adults on average have experienced some hearing loss. To assist older listeners who have experienced age-related loss of auditory acuity, auditory information should be presented at least 10–15 dB above ambient background noise unless doing so poses a risk of greater hearing loss (e.g., keep overall noise levels below 85 dB). Further, providing a means of adjusting the sound to a comfortable listening level for each individual will increase the benefit of the auditory modality. This is particularly important for people with hyperacusis, or increased sensitivity to environmental noise for which age-related hearing loss is a risk factor. Allowing people to adjust the level of auditory alerts in their vehicles can mitigate that issue.
Disorders of Hearing
Published in Anthony N. Nicholson, The Neurosciences and the Practice of Aviation Medicine, 2017
Linda M. Luxon, Ronald Hinchcliffe
Dysacusis refers to any deviation from normal auditory perception, and includes a variety of phenomena (Hinchcliffe, 2003). The most common dysacusis is hyperacusis, defined as a reduced tolerance to noise or an increased sensitivity to sounds in levels that would not cause discomfort in a normal individual. This distinguishes hyperacusis from loudness recruitment, which refers to oversensitivity to loud sounds. Tinnitus and hearing loss are most commonly consequent upon disordered cochlear function, but may also present as a result of central auditory pathology with normal cochlear function. Characteristically, this latter pathology presents as difficulty in hearing in conditions of poor signal-to-noise ratio, for example in listening to transmitted sound on the telephone or on a television or conversation in the presence of background noise. Above the level of the cochlear nuclei there are multiple relays and bilateral representations such that central auditory dysfunction does not usually present with hearing loss.
Degenerate brainstem circuitry after combined physiochemical exposure to jet fuel and noise
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
O’neil W. Guthrie, Brian A. Wong, Shawn M. McInturf, David R. Mattie
Auditory symptoms such as tinnitus, hyperacusis, poor speech discrimination (especially in noise) and loudness intolerance are associated with a degenerate auditory brainstem circuit (Auerbach, Rodrigues, and Salvi 2014; Schaette and McAlpine 2011; Valderrama et al. 2018). Patients who present with tinnitus exhibit different brainstem circuits compared to controls yet yield brainstem circuit performances that might approximate that of control. Several investigators reported that patients who suffer with tinnitus exhibit dysfunctional early waves of the ABR yet simultaneously exhibit late ABR waves that resemble those of controls (Bramhall, Konrad-Martin, and McMillan 2018; Gu et al. 2012; Schaette and McAlpine 2011). This pathologic condition is often referred to as central gain or central compensation (Sedley 2019). Similar observations may be seen for subjects who suffer with hyperacusis, poor speech discrimination in noise and loudness intolerance. Here, both humans and animals present with dysfunctional early waves of the ABR relative to controls (an indication that brainstem circuits are different relative to normal) yet they also exhibit late wave ABRs that approximate those of controls (an indication of similarity in brainstem circuit performance) (Refat et al. 2021; Valderrama et al. 2018; Zeng 2013).
The hearing health of live-music sound engineers
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2021
Siobhan McGinnity, Elizabeth Francis Beach, Robert S. C. Cowan, Johannes Mulder
Hyperacusis, often co-morbid with tinnitus, can be described as a painful, fearful or unpleasant response to sounds that are tolerable to others.16 While there have been no specific studies of hyperacusis for LMSE, in a group of 241 classical musicians 79% self-reported issues related to reduced sound tolerance.9 El Dib et al. studied the hearing of 82 sound technicians (a broad group that included individuals involved with microphone operation, sound mixing, and video editing), and reported that 37% experienced constant tinnitus, and 50% had a high-frequency hearing loss.17 The results of these studies suggest that LMSE, due to their exposure to similar environments as musicians and other professionals working with sound technology, may be at risk of hearing injury.