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Information Technology for Communication and Cognitive Support
Published in Julie A. Jacko, The Human–Computer Interaction Handbook, 2012
Alan F. Newell, Alex Carmichael, Peter Gregor, Norman Alm, Annalu Waller, Vicki L. Hanson, Graham Pullin, Jesse Hoey
Another distinct form of global cognitive impairment is autism, including a set of rarer but related syndromes (Kaluger and Kolson 1987). The precise causes of autism are not clearly understood. Briefly stated, it is a general neurological disorder that impacts the normal development of the brain particularly in relation to social interaction and communication skills. Its effects will usually become apparent within the first 3 years of life. People with autism typically have difficulties in verbal and nonverbal communication and social interactions. The disorder makes it hard for them to communicate with others and relate to the outside world, they also tend to have relatively low IQ scores. Closely related to autism is Asperger syndrome. People with Asperger’s experience similar social communication difficulties, but generally demonstrate a normal IQ. Further to this, there are several generally similar conditions, some of which have varying physical and behavioral elements associated with them. These come under the collective heading of pervasive developmental disorders and all tend to produce difficulties with communication. An important element of these social communication difficulties in the context of the present chapter is an inability to grasp the implications of metaphorical or idiomatic language. Similar effects occur in dementia but in autism tend to be more profound. There is some evidence that people with autism or Asperger syndrome are more able to communicate with computers than with people, or with people via computers, rather than face-to-face, and thus properly designed computer systems may have potential for assisting such user groups.
Collaboration Support in Co-located Collaborative Systems for Users with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
Greis Francy M. Silva-Calpa, Alberto B. Raposo, Francisco R. Ortega
Individauls with varying levels of ASD have varying levels of cognitive impairment and learning disabilities (Weitlauf et al., 2014). Some of them may exhibit moderate or severe cognitive impairment (IQ < 70) or, on the contrary, exhibit cognitive abilities average or higher than average (IQ >70) (De Giambattista et al., 2019). High-Functioning Autism (HFA) is a term used to identify people with ASD that have language delays without additional cognitive impairments (Montgomery et al., 2016). Another term widely used to refer to a high-functioning form of ASD is Asperger’s Syndrome (AS). Individuals with HFA/AS may have high intelligence and language skills without any significant learning disabilities (Mazzone et al., 2012); language is formally adequate but often monotonous and poorly communicative (Vannucchi et al., 2014).
A Novel Machine Learning Based Framework for Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2022
Hamza Sharif, Rizwan Ahmed Khan
2. Asperger Syndrome (AS) (Klin, Volkmar, and Sparrow 2000): individuals facing AS have qualitative impairment in social interaction and show restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Usually, such individuals have no clinically significant general delay in language or cognitive development. Generally, individuals facing AS have higher IQ levels but lack in facial actions and social communication skills.