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Typical Pre-Commissioining and Start-Up Procedures
Published in Maija Virta, HVAC Commissioning Guidebook, 2021
Balancing valves maintain the designed water flow condition in the designed operation point so that control valves may function properly and provide correct flows to a system under the changing conditions. (Fig. 7.49.) The control valve regulates the water flow rate typically based on the air temperature either after the air handling unit or in the space. There are two options for balancing and control of water flow rates: Balancing valve with adjustable K-value and separate control valve (2-way or 3-way valve depending on the application);Pressure independent balancing and control (PIBC) valve. HVAC system flows are dynamic, changing during the day and night. Because of external heat gains and changes in the building occupancy, the demand for cooling and heating varies not only throughout the day, but also by building sector. Proper hydronic balancing is the key to making an HVAC system perform properly and cost effectively.
Developing a sustainable energy strategy for Midtjyllands Airport, Denmark
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2023
Patrick Bujok, Frans Bjørn-Thygesen, George Xydis
The reduction of NGC (scope 1.1, Figure 23) can be achieved by a series of actions. First, a professional analysis of the building envelope and heating system is required to identify thermal leakages and performance losses. On that basis, a 30% decrease in energy use is already possible through small projects by remedying energy weak points resulting from the thermal analysis (Büyükbay et al., 2016). These projects include the improvement of the heating system by insulating the utility room and heating water pipes to reduce heating losses, performing a hydronic balancing to increase efficiency of the pipe system, as well as replacing inefficient circulation pumps. The implementation of these actions is required for the 2022 target. The replacement of the gas-fired boiler technology with an alternative heating technology is not scheduled before 2035 and thus beyond the considered timeline. However, alternative renewable technologies are discussed below.