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u = 0 method and UU tests
Published in J.A.R. Ortigao, Soil Mechanics in the Light of Critical State Theories, 2020
The factor of safety FS decreases with loading. At the end of construction FS reaches the minimum value. Thereafter, it tends to increase as pore pressure dissipates, and reaches a maximum at the end of consolidation.
Design and Analysis
Published in Quamrul H. Mazumder, Introduction to Engineering, 2018
Factor of safety is an important design consideration as the load or force used in calculating stress may vary because of unknowns in determining loads, and the component may experience sudden, intermittent higher load in the future. There are uncertainties associated with material strength due to variations in materials’ processing and degradation of material properties over time. The factor of safety can account for the above variations or uncertainties and should be incorporated in the design. If the uncertainties are higher, a higher value of the safety factor should be used. Typical values of the safety factor range from 1.5 to 3.0. The factor of safety, FS, is the ratio of ultimate strength of the material, Su, divided by the calculated stress in the part, 6. If the factor of safety is known in advance, the allowable stress, 6a, can be calculated by dividing the ultimate strength by FS, FS=Suσσa=SuFS
Stability analysis of Maydook Copper mine
Published in G. N. Panagiotou, T. N. Michalakopoulos, Mine Planning and Equipment Selection 2000, 2018
Figure 4 shows contours of safety factor being calculated for rock slopes according to Mohr Coulomb strength criterion. The minimum factor of safety is 1.5. Therefore the factor of safety in all parts of the slope is above 1.5 which clearly indicates that no plane failure occurs in the mine and the proposed slope is stable.
Philosophies of bamboo structural design and key parameters for developing the philosophies
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Leule M. Hailemariam, Ermias A. Amede, Ezra K. Hailemariam, Denamo A. Nuramo
A simplified way of designing nonconventional materials employs an allowable stress method, in which a member’s capacity is limited by its characteristic material strength divided by a “factor of safety”. The majority of traditional engineering material design codes were based on variations of an acceptable stress method. Allowable strength techniques require more technical work and an understanding of the intended final structural application. For highly variable materials utilized in their natural state, such as bamboo, an acceptable member strength approach may be more suited. This approach, however, leads to more complicated test standard requirements (Harries et al., 2020; Harries & Sharma, 2019).
Random-field generation method based on discrete cosine transform and application to landslide analysis
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2023
Zhen Wang, Huanling Wang, Long Yan, Fudong Chi
The relationship between the factor of safety and M when the value of N = 40 is shown Figure 12. When the value of N is constant, the factor of safety decreases gradually with the increase of M. The factor of safety is inversely proportional to the ratio of M and N. The random-fields of cohesion when the value of N is constant are shown Figure 13. When M increases, the spatial correlation length in the horizontal direction decreases. As a result, the factor of safety decreases gradually.
Incorporating design consistency into risk-based geometric design of horizontal curves: a reliability-based optimization framework
Published in Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 2023
Rushdi Alsaleh, Gabriel Lanzaro, Tarek Sayed
Reliability is the complement to the probability of failure. Reliability analysis has widely been used in structural design to present an uncertain balance between demand and supply. The well-established factor of safety provides a measure for structure safety while enabling the designers to incorporate uncertainty in both demand and supply variables. In highway engineering, the probability of non-compliance (Pnc) is utilised to describe a design whose probability fails to meet the standard requirements.