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Refugee Shelter: Cheap, Fast, Lightweight And Sustainable
Published in Manuel Couceiro da Costa, Filipa Roseta, Joana Pestana Lages, Susana Couceiro da Costa, Architectural Research Addressing Societal Challenges, 2017
The housing unit is equipped with a single door with a continuous hinge and 4 operable windows to bring natural light and allow cross ventilation when needed. All windows and doors are integrated within the paneling system. It is assumed that the housing unit would be installed with its length facing north and south as clerestory windows are located along these walls. The width of the shelter would logically offer limited sun exposure on the east and west therefore limiting heat gain. The clerestory windows placed on the high wall allow light to reflect on the sloped ceiling and increase daylighting inside the unit. The window placement alternates on the opposite long walls in order to balance the amount of light coming from the north or the south and achieve relative good day lighting inside the entire unit. The purpose of these high windows is to enable daylighting so there is appropriate illuminance for a range of daily activities inside the shelter while preserving privacy. A two-foot roof overhang over the short elevations assumed to face east and west shades the windows located on these sides and provides protection outside the front door. Cross ventilation can be achieved by creating air flow between an operable window located inside the front door and a small window on the opposite end wall.
Financing sustainable buildings
Published in Stephen Finnegan, New Financial Strategies for Sustainable Buildings, 2017
All of these have a role to play in visualising the level of intervention required and the financial strategy for consideration. Financing passive design can be very straightforward if the client is self-financing the project and they are comfortable with the approach. It becomes more complex when borrowing is required for new nonstandard bespoke designs which will initially cost more money. It should be noted that passive design can enable cost-effective solutions to heating and cooling of buildings if designed correctly. For example, cross ventilation can be achieved by simply opening windows on either side of a building and allowing for the direct passage of air through the building. The windows could be manually or automatically (through active design) operated depending upon internal and external climatic conditions.
Passive cooling techniques
Published in David Thorpe, Passive Solar Architecture Pocket Reference, 2018
Single-sided ventilation is popular because openings are located on one face only, but there is no defined exit route for air and so poor ventilation may result. The maximum depth of fresh air penetration may be 2.5 times the ceiling height. Therefore, single-sided natural ventilation should be avoided. By contrast, cross-ventilation uses a flow of air through openings, such as doors, windows or grilles, on opposite sides of a room or building and is much more effective. Cross-flow designs form the basis of best practice in natural and mixed-mode ventilation systems. To succeed, openings must be well distributed and flow paths within the building available and modelled. Wind pressure can also drive single-sided and vertical ventilation.
Passive cooling energy systems: holistic SWOT analyses for achieving urban sustainability
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2020
Ali Cheshmehzangi, Ayotunde Dawodu
Figure 1 shows the array of methodologies used for passive cooling in buildings. It also shows that for this to be achievable there is a clear focus on design and practice. Take for example natural ventilation, the major function and advantage is the reduction of indoor temperature through the utilisation of natural airflow. This is in addition to improvement of thermal comfort, air quality and health. Various methods of natural ventilation techniques exist, which are majorly categorised as stack and cross ventilation techniques. Stack ventilation, which relies on temperature difference inside and outside, also provides robust control of air flow and when applied properly provides superior air quality as compared to conventional mixing systems. On the other hand, cross ventilation can induce stronger air movement inside the building as opposed to stack; thus, improving air exchange, air quality and reducing the need for mechanical units (Aynsley 2007; Dimoudi 2009; Dehghani-sanij, Soltani, and Raahemifar 2015). From another perspective, important questions of design and practice need to be asked, for examples: is the area of building development noisy? And are there high levels of air pollution in that vicinity? The reason for this question is that the amount of noise and quality of air would play a significant part in passive design considerations, invariably limiting ventilation options. These implications give rise to an additional by product, which is the health implications of improper ventilation (Holmes and Hacker 2007; Zhai, Song, and Wang 2011).
Reassessing thermal comfort in modern architecture: E.1027 as a case study
Published in Building Research & Information, 2022
A. Galiano-Garrigós, C. L. Marcos, T. Kouider, P. J. Juan Gutiérrez
Additionally, these passive design solutions to optimize sun control and ventilation – the two key factors impacting the house’s predicted comfort performance – were carefully studied depending on the room orientation allowing the users to move inside the house and to perform different activities in the multi-purpose main living space or the master-bedroom, the two main spaces of the house on the first floor (Gray & Badovici, 1929b). Solar control devices were completed with a flexible shading sailcloth canopy and awnings that run along the south terrace. Cross-ventilation was carefully studied by locating opposite windows that could be opened or closed in different combinations, depending on wind strength, to achieve comfort conditions in every circumstance.
Performance analysis of air curtains on indoor environment and dehumidification energy consumption in a low humidity plant
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2023
Yubin Tang, Qiuhua Tao, Jianwen Zheng
Outdoor approaching airflow can enter the indoor environment by natural ventilation through openings on the building surfaces, which results in the increase of heating or cooling loads. There are two types of natural ventilation in buildings: wind-driven ventilation and buoyancy-driven ventilation (Toparlar et al. 2017; Ramponi and Blocken 2012; Liu and Niu 2016; Shen, Zhang, and Bjerg 2012; Blocken, 2015). Wind-driven ventilation arises from the different pressures created by wind around a building or structure, and cross ventilation can be formed by openings on building facades.