China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
How can the automobile industry implement a circular economy?
Published in Artde Donald Kin-Tak Lam, Stephen D. Prior, Siu-Tsen Shen, Sheng-Joue Young, Liang-Wen Ji, Innovation in Design, Communication and Engineering, 2020
Yih-Sheng Chen*, Huann-Ming Chou
In response to the gradual depletion of global energy resources and the impact of greenhouse effects, automobile design needs to consider the demands of environmental protection and energy conservation. Producing lightweight vehicles is also a trend in the automobile industry. However, developed countries have imposed mandatory requirements and standards for vehicle collision safety and have established relevant laws and regulations in order to ensure the structural safety of the vehicle body. To satisfy the automobile industry’s requirements for weight and safety, the demand for advanced ultra-high-strength steel has risen. As a result, hot stamping technology, which combines the advantages of improved vehicle safety and saving weight, is gradually gaining popularity. Vehicle parts for hot stamping have become an indispensable choice for a lot of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).
Prototyping Tools and Techniques
Published in Julie A. Jacko, The Human–Computer Interaction Handbook, 2012
Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, Wendy E. Mackay
Design is about making choices. In many fields that require creativity and engineering skill, such as architecture and automobile design, prototypes both inform the design process and help designers select the best solution.
Determining the direction of origin of a rock striking a moving vehicle windscreen
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2022
Craig Proctor-Parker, Riaan Stopforth
Windscreens are made and meet various international standards [7]. However, by the very nature of the requirements of a windscreen, most particularly that of the requirement of being transparent, this limits the products that can be used in their construction, this also limits the overall ability of the windscreen. Although it is possible to build a windscreen that is virtually impenetrable, this is not feasible in automotive design. Similarly, it is not possible to build a windscreen that is indestructible. The windscreens made use of for the tests conducted, are original equipment manufacturer (OEM) Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW) international specification [7] and are OEM products on vehicles of the era of the specific vehicle made use of in the testing, even in South Africa [8]. Installation method for modern windscreens sees the almost exclusive use of adhesive installation, against that of the older method of rubber mount as used within the tests in this paper. The move to adhesive installation is primarily as a result of the gain in overall strength of the structure of both the vehicle as well as the windscreen [9,10]. For the purpose of the testing herein, it does not appear that the installation method (old vs new) has any direct bearing on the test, primarily as the strength or integrity of the fitment itself, the vehicle structure and windscreen itself are generally not in question [10].
Small overlap assessment for early design phases based on vehicle kinematics
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2020
Iván Cuevas Salazar, Fabian Duddeck, Lailong Song
The crashworthiness assessment of vehicle structures is a key component in automotive design. Crashworthiness design focuses on the development of energy absorbing structures with the main objective of reducing occupant injuries and consequently producing safer vehicles. In order to test the crashworthiness performance of vehicles, several institutions have developed a series of test scenarios that represent real-life crash events. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) introduced in 2012 the Small Overlap Frontal (SOF) crash test case to represent the collision of the front corner of the vehicle with the corner of another vehicle or a tree or a utility pole [1]. This test scenario became one of the most challenging cases encouraging manufacturers to redesign the structure of their vehicles already in 2014 [2]. The official test considers the integrity of the structure by measuring the intrusions at the occupant compartment as well as dummy kinematics and injury criteria (see [1]). The strategies to minimise the intrusions in the occupant compartment usually include the reinforcement and/or integration of energy-absorbing components in the outboards of the front rails of the vehicle [3]. Each countermeasure influences the vehicle kinematics, namely, the trajectory of the vehicle and the maximum rotation exhibited at the end of the crash. Moreover, the vehicle kinematics determine the movement of the occupants influencing therefore the dummy kinematics and injury values.
Enabling multitasking by designing for situation awareness within the vehicle environment
Published in Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2019
Lee Skrypchuk, Pat Langdon, Ben D. Sawyer, Alex Mouzakitis, P. John Clarkson
All approaches take the view that SA focuses on the changing elements of an environment (including systems and information technology), how these develop over time and how this forms a user’s interpretation of a situation. This makes SA relevant and potentially useful in an automotive design context. There is however a lack of detail about how SA should be applied where multiple competing goals are active. The size of the design challenge is possibly summed up by Adams et al. (1995) who conclude that humans are not suited to simultaneous disjointed tasks. Whilst all approaches discuss multiple competing tasks supporting the same goal none discuss in depth multiple competing goals. This paper will explore this topic in more detail.