China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Binaural Spatial Reproduction
Published in Nick Zacharov, Sensory Evaluation of Sound, 2018
Brian F. G. Katz, Rozenn Nicol
Some dimensions can be intuitively derived. For instance, the physical properties of the sound scene that the binaural sound intends to reproduce have clearly an influence on perception. This results in physical-related attributes that can be directly linked to a physical or mathematical property of either the sound source (timbre (McDermott et al., 2006; Elliott et al., 2013; Mattila, 2001a; Zacharov and Koivuniemi, 2001d), source location and its localisability, perceived width or apparent source width (ASW, Griesinger (1998)), the acoustic space (room effect (Griesinger, 1998; Berg and Rumsey, 2006; Zacharov and Koivuniemi, 2001d)), or the sound reproduction system. However, one must keep in mind that for some of these physical parameters, it is unknown if and how they may affect auditory perception. In addition, the intensity of the perceptual effect is probably not the same for each parameter: their relative weights also need to be determined. This physical description could be revisited in light of studies concerning auditory scene analysis (Bregman, 1990). The brain distorts the physical reality for building the associated percept (concept of auditory streams based on grouping or segregation of auditory events). Information is ordered by mental and cognitive processing, sometimes independently from the physical properties. Some studies suggest for instance that frequency features are of primary importance, above spatial properties (Bregman, 1990; Rumsey et al., 2005). Alternatively, the relative salience of perceptual attributes can be studied using external preference mapping techniques (also discussed in Chapter 7) such as partial least squares regression (PLS-R) as used in (Zacharov and Koivuniemi, 2001c).
Understanding the acoustics of St. John’s Baptistery in Pisa through a virtual approach
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2020
D. D'Orazio, G. Fratoni, E. Rossi, M. Garai
The reverberation time in s, as the 60 dB decay of the integrated squared impulse response, fitted between –5 and −35 dB thresholds. It can be assumed as a property of the space because it is generally not affected by the source-receiver position. The early decay time in s, as the 60 dB decay of the integrated squared impulse response, fitted between 0 and −10 dB thresholds. According to ISO 3382-1 this criterion corresponds to the perceived reverberation of the space (reverberance). It depends on the source-receiver position. The centre time in ms, which is the first-order momentum of the squared impulse response, expressed as: where is the measured impulse response with the sound source position and the receiver position . The early lateral energy fraction , that quantifies the subjective listener perception of the source width (i.e. the Apparent Source Width – ASW) (ISO 3382–1 2009) defined as: where the pedix L means a figure-of-eight receiver.