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Applications of spatial sound and related problems
Published in Bosun Xie, Spatial Sound, 2023
In the room design stage, various methods of room acoustic simulation can be used to predict the sound field, and the resultant sound field or binaural information can be reproduced by appropriate spatial sound technique. Such a method enables a predictive evaluation of the perceived performance of a room and resolves acoustic defects during the design stage. Auralization aims to record or simulate the sound field information by physical methods and then reproduce this information to re-generate or evoke auditory perceptions of the sound field. The principle of room auralization is similar to the cases of physical simulation of room reflections for multichannel sound signal production in Section 7.5.5 and binaural room modeling for dynamic VAE in Section 11.10.1. However, the purpose of auralization is different from the other two cases. In particular, auralization requires the exact simulation and reproduction of spatial information in the sound field, while consumer uses often omit part of the spatial information according to psychoacoustic principles.
The Surround Sound in Aural Perception Tests
Published in Dariusz Pleban, Occupational Noise and Workplace Acoustics, 2020
Studies on perception of sound signals (including danger signals) should include the correct identification of actual meaning of the signal and correct perception of the direction from which it emanates. These studies are usually carried out in laboratory conditions. The test signals and reproduction of the sound field (the listening space prevailing at actual workstations) are simulated with the use of surround sound reproducing systems. The process of creation of such simulated virtual acoustic environments is commonly called auralization. A plurality of auralization techniques is now available. In each, achievement of the surround sound effect is a multi-stage process involving recording a sound scene or the sound emitted by a specific device, then processing the recorded signals, and finally playing them back on a laboratory setup. Usually, the surround sound–reproducing technique is in direct relation to the sound recording methods. Research on (and development of) auralization techniques are of fundamental importance in studies concerning the assessment of hearing directivity in workers (their ability to identify which direction a sound is coming from) within the work environment and for predictions concerning acoustic properties of buildings in early stages of developing the construction design.
DSP in Binaural Hearing and Microphone Arrays
Published in Francis F. Li, Trevor J. Cox, Digital Signal Processing in Audio and Acoustical Engineering, 2019
Auralization is the technique of rendering virtual 3D sound spaces. In most cases, auralization puts emphasis on the means to create or synthesise spatial sound virtually, rather than the capturing of a spatial sound field. Auralization is often achieved using microphones or some forms of loudspeaker arrays, ideally in an anechoic chamber. The headphone auralization is probably the simplest, since it only needs to work out signals expected in listeners' ears; there is no room acoustics and cross-talk between channels involved. Auralization in an enclosure, i.e. a room, is more complicated. It encounters cross-talk, i.e. all speaker signals will reach both ears. If there are sound reflections in the enclosure, false virtual sources may occur. Various techniques have been developed to rectify these problems; amongst them, the wavefield synthesis represents the most sophisticated approach to the virtual sound spaces.
Quantifying Egocentric Distance Perception in Virtual Reality Environment
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Victoria Korshunova-Fucci, Floris F. van Himbergen, Hsiao Ming Fan, Armin Kohlrausch, Raymond H. Cuijpers
The acoustic auralization software Odeon was used for a realistic environmental soundscape. Firstly, the acoustically simplified 3D SketchUp model was imported to the software. Secondly, various sound absorption coefficients were applied to the 3D scene objects to closely resemble the acoustic properties of all surface materials. Thirdly, the binaural room impulse responses (BRIR) were generated from each ventilation fan point (source) to the listener’s position (receiver) as presented in Figure 3. Fourthly, for each generated BRIR at a distance, the convolution calculations were performed using a Matlab script with a mono audio recording of fan noise, generating an audio file for each fan position. Lastly, all generated audio files were mixed at − 36 dB in one .wav audio file in Audacity software. This room tone sound file was seamlessly looped and played in the background during the experiment.
Virtual acoustic reconstruction of a lost church: application to an Order of Saint Jerome monastery in Alzira, Spain
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2018
M. Sender, A. Planells, R. Perelló, J. Segura, A. Giménez
This software offers many room acoustic measurements and several analysis functions for echograms, impulse response, and colour maps; and enables relative calibrated impulse response reproduction, as well as convolution for auralization.