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Other solar thermal applications
Published in John Twidell, Renewable Energy Resources, 2021
Solar heat is used not only to heat but also to cool, e.g. with an absorption refrigerator (Fig. 4.4), a desiccant cooler (Box 4.1) or an evaporative cooler in arid climates. All closed cycle mechanical refrigerators and coolers depend on the cooled material giving up heat to evaporate a ‘working fluid’ from liquid to vapor. In conventional refrigerators, a motor (usually electric) then compresses the vapor back to liquid as heat from the compression passes to the outside environment. In an absorption refrigerator, the heat from the cooled material evaporates a refrigerant that cycles round the system ‘powered’ by an external heat source.
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Published in Kenneth E. Heselton, Boiler Operator’s Handbook, 2020
There’s not much difference between that RV refrigerator and an absorption chiller in concept. Size, construction, only chilling water, and efficiency are the major differences. There are two systems for absorption refrigeration, water and ammonia like my RV refrigerator where ammonia is the refrigerant and a solution of lithium bromide and water where water is the refrigerant; the latter being more prevalent. The absorber is a large assembly of tubes, pumps and piping, all as shown in Figures 5-33 & figures 5-34. Instead of using gravity like the RV refrigerator the solution is pumped, spraying the solution on the coils for better heat transfer. Figure 5-35 is a diagram of a single stage absorption chiller.
Domestic refrigerators and freezers
Published in A.C. Bryant, Refrigeration Equipment, 2007
The modern domestic absorption refrigerator or ‘gas refrigerator’ operates on the principle of using heat to produce cold. It employs a mixture of hydrogen and ammonia with water (aqua-ammonia) as the cooling agent: water has an affinity for ammonia, and the hydrogen speeds up the process of evaporation.
Co- and tri-generation system based on absorption refrigeration cysle: a review
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2020
Mingzhang Pan, Yanmei Huang, Yan Zhu, Dongwu Liang, Youcai Liang, Guopeng Yu
Absorption refrigeration system is usually not used as an independent refrigeration system because of its large volume, high input cost and low performance compared with traditional compression refrigeration system. However, the heat driving characteristics of absorption refrigeration system make it have great advantages in waste heat recovery. Waste-heat driven refrigeration is a promising alternative to on-board food preservation technology that can help reduce emissions while limiting fuel consumption (Palomba et al. 2017). In recent years, many researchers have applied absorption refrigeration systems to recover waste heat from marine engines and proved its feasibility. Moreover, in principle, the exhaust heat of the high-speed engine is enough to drive the absorption refrigeration system and provide cooling effect for the interior of the automobile (Hu, Yao, and Chen 2009; Kaudinya, Kaushik, and Kaudinya 1988; Salmi et al. 2017; Shu et al. 2013; Talom and Beyene 2009; Xu et al. 2017). But it takes up a lot of space and has a high requirement for engine speed, in addition, compared with steam turbines and gas turbines, the exhaust temperature of diesel engines is relatively low. Although the use of absorption refrigeration cycle can improve efficiency, it has no practical significance and is difficult to popularize. Therefore, diesel engines and absorption refrigeration cycle are generally not used to form a cogeneration system.
Thermo-economic analysis of a waste-to-energy integrated multi-generation power plant
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2020
The thermo-economic analysis of a waste–to-energy integrated multi-generation power plant for Onitsha in South eastern Nigeria has been performed, applying energy, exergy and economic models on operating conditions, implemented in HYSYS, EES, MATLAB and Microsoft Excel environments. The chemical energy in the syngas was harnessed from the municipal solid waste through gasification; syngas being a better and cleaner fuel for power generation than solid-waste incineration or fossil fuel combustion. The energy of the syngas was effectively utilised to generate electricity in an integrated gas-, dual-pressure steam-Rankine- and organic-Rankine-cycle power plant with a waste heat driven absorption refrigerator. This power plant has improved power output, first and second law efficiencies, and reduced environmental thermal pollution, as a result of the low stack exit flue gas temperatures. The refrigeration from the absorption refrigerator was used to condition the air streams for the gas turbine compressor inlet air, and cooling the steam and organic-fluid condensers, and the absorption refrigerator's absorber; this increased the efficiency, productivity and reliability of the power plant, irrespective of the variable ambient conditions, especially in the hot and humid regions.
A Review on the Performance of Organic Rankine Cycle with Different Heat Sources and Absorption Chillers
Published in Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, 2018
In the current time, vapor compression system is most suitable technology to provide cold energy. These systems consume a lot of electricity to run the compressor of the system. In the absorption refrigeration system, a compressor is replaced by a generator, and an absorber and its working are depended upon the absorbing principle rather than compression process [1]. Absorption refrigeration system works on the fluid mixtures. The fluid mixture consists of a refrigerant and an absorbing material. The refrigerant mixes in the absorbing material and this mixture passes through the generator of the system. In the generator, the refrigerant converted into pressurized vapor phase with the heat, whereas in the compression refrigeration system the refrigerant vapor is pressurized by the compressor. The main benefit of using absorption refrigeration system is that it requires a very little or no electricity [2]. To generate refrigerant vapor in the absorption system, there is a need of heat input into the generator. Solar collectors provided such heat to run the absorption system and known as solar operated absorption refrigeration systems [3]. Absorption chillers can integrate with ORC in two ways i.e. uncoupled and coupled system.