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Nonadamantine Semiconductors and Variable-Composition Semiconductor Phases
Published in Lev I. Berger, Semiconductor Materials, 2020
The binary compounds of the VIIIA-group elements exist in nature as minerals arseno-ferrite (ldllingite), FeAs2; hematite, Fe2O3; magnetite, Fe3O4; pinhotite (troilite), FeS; pyrite (marcasite), FeS2; greigite, Fe3S4; ferroselite, FeSej-, ffohbergite, FeTe^ safflorite (Co-safflo-rite), CoAsj; Fe-, Co-, and Ni-skutterudites, FeAs3, CoAs3, and NiAs,; linneaite, Co3S4; cattierite, CoS3; trogtalite, CoSe2; niccolite, NiAs; rammelsbergite (pararammelsbergite), NiAs2; millerite (beyrichite), NiS; violarite (vaesite), NiS2; poly dy mite, Ni3S4; heazelwoodite, Ni3S2; melonite, NiTe2; laurite, RuS2; spenylite, PtAs2; cooperite, Pt(As,S)2; and some other pnictides, oxides, and chalcogenides. The basic chemical and crystallographic parameters of the compounds are gathered in Table 7.28; their thermal and thermochemical properties are compiled in Table 7.29.
Distribution of PGE in rocks and Ni-Cu ores of the Rožany and Kunratice deposits (Lusatian massif, Bohemian Massif)
Published in Adam Piestrzyński, Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century, 2001
J. Pašava, I. Vavšín, E. Jelínek
Detailed mineralogical studies resulted in the identification of Pt-Pd-As-Te mineralization. It is represented by an assemblage of sperrylite, unnamed Pd tellurides, melonite, an unnamed Sb-Ni telluride, altaite and native gold. Besides pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, ilmenite, rare pentlandite, polydymite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite and cubanite, other ore minerals like violarite, pentlandite, galena, cobaltite, scheelite and baddeleyite were newly identified by Vavřín and Frýda (1998). It is very likely that the Pt-Pd-As-Te mineralization represents the latest stage of magmatic mineralization processes which resulted partly in remobilization of Ni-Cu magmatic ores and also in the formation of hydrothermal Pt-Pd-As-Te phases. This scenario is supported by the presence of thin sulfidic veins accompanied by carbonate, quartz and near ore alterations. The following mineral phases were investigated:
Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Sulfur (orthorhombic) Sylvite Syngenite Synthetic anorthite (hexagonal) Synthetic anorthite (orthorhombic) Talc Tantalum Teallite Tellurite Tellurium Tellurobismuthite Tennantite Tenorite Tetrahedrite Thorianite Thorite Tiemannite Tin (white) Titanium Titanium(III) oxide Topaz Tremolite Trevorite Tridymite Trogtalite Troilite Tschermakite Tungsten Tungstenite Turquois Umangite Uraninite Ureyite Uvarovite Uvite Vaesite Valentinite Vanthoffite Vaterite Villiaumite Violarite Wolframite Wollastonite Wulfenite Wurtzite Wustite Xenotime Zinc Zincite Zinc telluride Zircon Zoisite
A Comprehensive Review on Cobalt Bioleaching from Primary and Tailings Sources
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2023
Alex Kwasi Saim, Francis Kwaku Darteh
Processing a black schist ore from the Sotkamo deposit in Finland, which contains 0.23–0.27% Ni and 0.02% Co, the plant at Talvivaara is the only Ni-Co sulfide heap bioleaching facility in the world (Crundwell et al. 2011b; Tuovinen et al. 2018). Pyrrhotite, pyrite, sphalerite, pentlandite, violarite, and chalcopyrite are the most prominent sulfide minerals in the ore (Riekkola-Vanhanen 2013; Watling 2008). The non-sulfidic gangue phases in the ore are graphite, quartz, mica, anorthite, and microcline. Sulfides of Zn, Ni, Co, and Cu are precipitated sequentially from the pregnant leach solution using H2S. Figure 7 shows a simplified flow chart (dotted lines indicate water recycling) for the Talvivaara heap bioleaching process. Terrafame Limited, a Finnish state-owned mining firm that bought the operation from its parent business (Talvivaara Mining Company), is presently running the mine, which is still active. Using the mixed sulfide precipitate from the heap leach operation, Terrafame plans to begin producing battery-grade Co and Ni sulfates.
Advanced Review on Extraction of Nickel from Primary and Secondary Sources
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2019
Pratima Meshram, Banshi Dhar Pandey
Yüce et al. (2007) observed widespread chromite mineralization in the nickel sulfide ore of the Marmara district of Turkey. Some amounts of magnetite and chromite exist in the ore together with sulfide and oxide type nickel minerals. The ore sample contains 1.32% Ni, 10.79% SiO2, 78.39% Fe2O3, 1.3 g/t Ag, and 1.0 g/t Au. The ore sample is constituted of about 70% magnetite, 15% sulfide minerals, and 5% chromite and iron oxides, as well as 10% gangue minerals. Nickel mineralization in the ore such as pentlandite, violarite, millerite awaruite and asbolane was determined. Due to the complex structure of mineralization, a combination of gravity separation and flotation methods was applied for the concentration of nickel sulfide and oxide ores. A nickel concentrate containing 12.32% Ni was produced with 89.7% recovery and final tailings with 0.088% Ni can be disposed with 4.9% of metal loss.
The Direct Leaching of Nickel Sulfide Flotation Concentrates – A Historic and State-of-the-Art Review Part III: Laboratory Investigations into Atmospheric Leach Processes
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2022
Nebeal Faris, Mark I. Pownceby, Warren J. Bruckard, Miao Chen
Dyson and Scott (1976) performed reduction roasting-acid leaching experiments on nickel sulfide concentrates of diverse mineralogy (refer to Table 7). Concentrates were roasted under a methane atmosphere in the temperature range of 650–850°C followed by non-oxidative dissolution in boiling 5 N mineral acid (HCl or H 2SO4). Hydrogen and carbon monoxide were reported to be as equally effective as methane for the reductive decomposition of the concentrates. The purpose of the reduction roasting stage was to decompose pyrrhotite and pyrite to an acid-soluble iron sulfide phase approaching the composition of troilite (FeS, the iron-rich end-member of the pyrrhotite group) which was readily dissolvable in acid with liberation of H2S, instead of elemental sulfur that could coat the nickel sulfides and inhibit nickel sulfide dissolution. Other mineralogical changes reported during reduction roasting were decomposition of violarite to pentlandite and heazlewoodite and inversion of millerite (β-NiS) to αNiS, rendering the nickel sulfides more soluble in subsequent leaching. Optimal roasting conditions were determined to be 750°C under an atmosphere of CH4 for 1 hour and boiling the roasted concentrates in hydrochloric or sulfuric acid extracted 97–99% of the nickel. In the absence of any thermal pre-treatment, Ni extractions were only 10–11%. Chalcopyrite was reported to be unreactive during non-oxidative dissolution unless an excess of HCl was added, which resulted in extractions of up to 40%. Filmer and Balestra also found Cu dissolution was impacted by HCl concentration with very little Cu dissolution occurring over a 6-hour period except in the presence of 10 M HCl.