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Industrial minerals
Published in Francis P. Gudyanga, Minerals in Africa, 2020
Basalt is an inert rock of silicate breeds that formed from solidified volcanic lava. Continuous fibres can be obtained from the basaltic rocks that include andesite, andesite-basalt, dia-base, dolerites, porphoyries, gabbro-diabase, gabbro or amphibolites. Basalt features a glassy matrix interspersed with minerals such as feldspar in the form of plagioclase and pyroxene whose preponderance characterise the mineralogy of basalt. Accessory minerals present in the matrix include iron oxides and iron-titanium oxides such as magnetite, ulvospinel, olivine and ilmenite. Minerals such as alkali feldspar, leucite, nepheline, sodalite, phlogopite mica and apatite may be present in the groundmass. Some Fe(II)-oxidising bacteria [476] are also able to grow with basalt rock as a source of Fe(II) [798].
Origin of the apatite-ilmenite deposit of Sept-Îles, Québec, Canada
Published in Adam Piestrzyński, Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century, 2001
Magnetite, ihnenite and apatite represent the principal oxide phases in the ore deposits. Magnetite is a common accessory mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks and it is the principal host mineral for vanadium in magmatic ores. In the Critical Zone of the Sept-Îles Complex, magnetite consists of complex solid solution (spinel-hercynite) and titanomagnetite hosting a number of exsolution phases such as ulvospinel and ilmenite. Ilmenite occurs as a relatively coarse intergrowth of lamellae, while ulvospinel forms micron-size complex mesh textures. A number of exsolution products formed at high temperature, most commonly ilmenite, but also other spinels can be found in magnetite. In the Critical Zone of the Sept-Îles Complex, ilmenite laths form a trellis texture in the magnetite (Figure 2). Buddington and Lindsley (1964) stated that most of the titanium could have held in magnetite-ulvospinel solid solution at high temperature, and that ilmenite lamellae have probably originated in high-temperature oxidation of the ulvospinel component of titanomagnétite:.
Titanium–Oxidizer Systems
Published in Anthony Peter Gordon Shaw, Thermitic Thermodynamics, 2020
T2. 13% fuel, 1603.75 K solids: 60.71% (FeO)2(TiO2) (ulvospinel), 38.91% FeO (wüstite), 0.38% Fe3O4 (magnetite)liquids: nonegases: nonesimplified equation at 13.0% fuel: Ti + 2Fe2O3 → (FeO)2(TiO2) + 2FeO
In situ neutron diffraction study of the reduction of New Zealand ironsands in dilute hydrogen mixtures
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 2019
Raymond James Longbottom, Bridget Ingham, Mark Henry Reid, Andrew J. Studer, Christopher W. Bumby, Brian Joseph Monaghan
The mineralogy of New Zealand ironsand has been studied extensively. The majority of the grains in the New Zealand ironsands are uniform titanomagnetite (Wright 1964; McAdam et al. 1969a; Park and Ostrovski 2004a; Wang et al. 2016). Titanomagnetite is a magnetite–ulvöspinel (Fe3O4–Fe2TiO4) solid solution. Both magnetite and ulvöspinel, and the resulting solution, have a cubic spinel structure. The cation (Fe2+, Fe3+, and Ti4+) distribution in a titanomagnetite lattice depends on the composition and temperature (Woodland and Wood 1994).