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Published in Alina Kabata-Pendias, Barbara Szteke, Trace Elements in Abiotic and Biotic Environments, 2015
Alina Kabata-Pendias, Barbara Szteke
Boron oxidation state is +3. It is a constituent of several minerals, and some of its common minerals are borax, Na2B4O7·10H2O; colemanite, Ca2B6O11·5H2O; ulexite, NaCaB5O9·8H2O; kernite, Na2B4O6·3H2O; and tourmaline, NaFe2+3Al6(BO3)·3Si6 O18(OH)4. Boron is often associated with feldspars and micas.
Techno-economic Analysis of Boric Acid Production from Colemanite Mineral and Sulfuric Acid
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2022
Mehmet Gönen, Dylan D. Rodene, Sandeep Panda, Ata Akcil
Boric acid is a fundamental boronic compound that is produced either from various boron-based minerals i.e., colemanite, tincal, and ulexite (Ekmekyapar, Künkül and Demirkıran 2010) or naturally occurring boron brines (Roskill 2010). Boric acid is a white, odorless powder that exhibits a monoclinic crystalline structure and has good solubility in water and other polar solvents (Smith 2000). It is generally used as a starting material for the production of many boron-based chemicals such as borate esters, synthetic organic borate salts, boron carbide, boron trihalides, fluoroborates (Roskill 2010; Smith 2000). Since boric acid is utilized for the synthesis of a wide variety of boronated compounds which are used in high-tech applications e.g., heat and scratch-resistant glasses for smartphones, computers and TVs, production is still studied intensively (Budak and Gönen 2014; Bulutcu, Ertekin and Celikoyan 2008; Choi et al. 2004; Gönen, Nyankson and Gupta 2016, Kuskay and Bulutcu 2011). However, for these studies, there have been several concerns such as product purity (Bulutcu, Ertekin and Celikoyan 2008), production cost and environmental pollution (An and Xue 2014). The production process of boric acid is greatly influenced by the availability of boron-based minerals. Turkey has the largest ulexite, tincal and colemanite reserves (approx. 75–80%) in the world and colemanite is the most abundant boron-based mineral (Tagliabue, Reverberi and Bagatin 2014). Therefore, a techno-economic analysis of boric acid production in Turkey via reacting colemanite and sulfuric acid in an aqueous phase is of interest (Bulutcu, Ertekin and Celikoyan 2008; Smith 2000).
The citric acid leaching of boron process wastes
Published in Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2022
For the recovery of boric acid, many studies have been carried out on sulfuric [7,32–38], hydrochloric [34,36,39], phosphate/phosphoric [40,41], perchloric [42], and nitric [43] acids among inorganic acids, acetic [39,44–46], citric [3,47–50], propionic [27,29,51–54], oxalic acids [9,47,48], and sodium citrate [4] among organic acids/salts, and carbon dioxides [55–57], sulfur dioxides [56,58,59], and ammonium salts [15,28,60]. These studies have been conducted on colemanite, ulexite, and borax concentrates, as well as the wastes of these concentrates, especially colemanite wastes [61].
Bio-oil and bio-char from lactuca scariola: significance of catalyst and temperature for assessing yield and quality of pyrolysis
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
There are many studies on pyrolysis of different biomass sources with catalyst and without a catalyst. In a study, xanthium strumarium plant stems have been pyrolyzed with catalysts (ulexite, colemanite, borax) and catalyst-free at temperatures of 350–550 °C. Catalyst and temperature were found to be effective on the conversion. The highest liquid product yield is obtained with colemanite catalyst at 550 °C as 27.97%. It has been identified that the liquid product comprised aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds (Durak 2016).