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Igneous Rocks
Published in F.G.H. Blyth, M. H. de Freitas, A Geology for Engineers, 2017
F.G.H. Blyth, M. H. de Freitas
Poorly consolidated tuffs from the Naples area were used by the Romans for making ‘hydraulic cement’, and were called pozzolana; mixed with lime they harden under water. Similar material from the Eifel district of Germany has also been used; tuffs known as trass, when mixed with an equal amount of limestone, form a cement.
Interlocking paving stones made of limestone sand and volcanic ash aggregates
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2021
Volcanic ash is a natural pozzolanic material with an amorphous structure. When spread naturally, it pollutes the environment. It is produced by low-intensity eruptions of volcanic lava and produces ash fields in the surrounding areas. Although the use of volcanic ash is limited, one use is in the construction sector to produce trass cement and it can be used as a concrete additive. Some studies have discussed the use of ash to produce interlocking paving stones, but they did not use volcanic ash in amounts that made up 100% of the aggregate mixture. Thus, in this present study, we used volcanic ash in amounts that made up 100% of the aggregate mixture.
The mechanism of alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete/mortar and its mitigation by using geopolymer materials and mineral admixtures: a comprehensive review
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022
Muhammad Usama Salim, Mohammad Ali Mosaberpanah
Trass is a material obtained from volcanic tuff, resulted from a volcanic eruption. Trass is a perfect filler and its reactivity depends upon the siliceous constituents which harden after coming in contact with water and generates cementitious products like OPC (Joshaghani et al., 2017). Trass is an aluminate-silicate material that reacts with water to form soluble calcium and aluminate hydroxide which generates pozzolanic activity in concrete. The chemical composition comparison of trass and OPC is described in Figure 18.