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Repellent Finishes
Published in Menachem Lewin, Stephen B. Sello, Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology: Chemical Processing of Fibers and Fabrics, 2018
Repellency is a condition of limited wettability. Stain repellency of a treated fabric is the ability of the fabric to withstand penetration by liquid soils under static conditions involving no other forces than capillary forces and the weight of the drop [1]. In accord with this definition, oil repellency is tested by placing a drop of oil on the fabric and observing the resistance of the fabric to sorption of oil by the fabric. A series of hydrocarbon homologs, aligned in decreasing order of their surface tensions, γLV (subscripts L and V are liquid and vapor phases of the liquid, respectively), is used to rate oil repellency. The hydrocarbon with the lowest γlv to remain above the fabric during the duration of the test is used to indicate oil repellency.
Evaluation of the research trends on perfluorinated compounds using bibliometric analysis: knowledge gap and future perspectives
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Cecilia Y. Ojemaye, Mike O. Ojemaye, Anthony I. Okoh, Omobola O. Okoh
PFCs are important synthetic chemicals that have vast industrial and consumer uses such as polymer additives, surfactant, flame retardant, insecticides formulation[5] grease, water, and stain repellent in textile, carpet, as nonstick coating in cooking utensils food, photographic emulsifier.[6–8] However, lately, PFCs occurrence and distribution, prevalence in humans and animals as well as their deleterious health effects have resulted into keen interest of public, scientific, and regulatory sectors globally.[9] More than 4500 PFCs are presently or have been, on the market globally, still several studies and guidelines keep on focusing on the common long-chain PFCs, specifically perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and their precursors[10,11] which are on the Stockholm Convention list. Giving rise to less focus on the vast majority of other PFCs which are of major worry for society as these other compounds show similar resistance, physiochemical properties and toxicity.[12,13]