China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Spray Drying for Production of Food Colors from Natural Sources
Published in M. Selvamuthukumaran, Handbook on Spray Drying Applications for Food Industries, 2019
Mehmet Koç, Feyza Elmas, Ulaş Baysan, Hilal Şahin Nadeem, Figen Kaymak Ertekin
Minerals are generally defined as crystalline or geologically occurring elements or chemical compounds. Minerals have been used for a long time as natural colorants in the food and cosmetics industries. Minerals provide various color tones depending on their chemical composition and/or their physical structure. Many minerals contain metallic cations, which contain d orbital electrons. Metallic cations in minerals usually absorb and reflect visible light (Mason 2013). For example, viridian, which is a chromium oxide mineral, is a green pigment used as a colorant. Furthermore, viridian is exempt from certification in cosmetics because of being obtained from natural sources (Martins et al. 2016). The Cinnabar, Ochre, lead, a nd Realgar are some examples of red pigments, which originate from the source of minerals. Cinnabar, expresses as common bright scarlet to a brick-red form of mercury sulfide (HgS) and serves directly as dyeing pigment. Red ochre is a natural pigment that contains anhydrous and hydrated iron oxide (Fe2O3nH2O). Red ochre has several hues, which range from yellow to deep orange or brown. Red lead (Pb3O4 or 2[PbO][PbO2]) is a bright red or orange crystalline or amorphous pigment. Realgar (a-As4S4) is an arsenic sulfide mineral, which is also a mineral of arsenic. It is thought that these pigments are not safe and usage in the food industry is very limited because of this.
Components of Energetic Compositions
Published in John A. Conkling, Christopher J. Mocella, Chemistry of Pyrotechnics, 2019
John A. Conkling, Christopher J. Mocella
Realgar (arsenic disulfide, As2S2) is an orange powder with a melting point of 308°C and a boiling point of 565°C (Shimizu, Fireworks—The Art, Science and Technique 1981). Due to its low boiling point, it has been used in yellow smoke compositions (in spite of its toxicity) and has also been used to aid in the ignition of difficult mixtures. The use of all arsenic compounds—including realgar—is prohibited in “common fireworks” (the type purchased by individuals) by regulations of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, arsenic being toxic to humans and animals (U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission 2017).
Potential evaluation of different intercropping remediation modes based on remediation efficiency and economic benefits – a case study of arsenic-contaminated soil
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2022
Yunxian Yan, Jun Yang, Yue Guo, Junxing Yang, Xiaoming Wan, Chen Zhao, Junmei Guo, Tongbin Chen
The experimental site is located in Shimen county, northwestern Hunan Province, China, belonging to the monsoon climate zone of transition from mid-subtropical to subtropical. The average annual temperature is 16.7 °C, and the average annual precipitation is 1373.8 mm. The local history of realgar mining has led to the soil pollution, of which As is the fatal pollutant, posing serious health risks to the human body. Although there is also a certain degree of Cd pollution, Cd doesn’t pose health risks (Yang et al.2016). So As is the primary concern here. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil in the test site are provided in Table S1.