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Nanomaterials: Fundamental Principle and Applications
Published in Deepak Kumar Verma, Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Nanotechnology and Nanomaterial Applications in Food, Health, and Biomedical Sciences, 2019
Ajit Behera, Soumya Sanjeeb Mohapatra, Deepak Kumar Verma
Catalytic activity depends on the contact surface area. As the higher relative surface area of nanomaterials, the catalytic effect will be higher. Nanomaterials have higher chemical reactivity with other chemicals. Platinum nanoparticles are used in automotive catalytic converters due to the higher surface area of nanoparticles can decrease the required platinum amount.
Ultralow Pt0 loading on MIL-88A(Fe) derived polyoxometalate-Fe3O4@C micro-rods with highly-efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
Ming-Liang Wang, Di Yin, Yun-Dong Cao, Guang-Gang Gao, Tao Pang, Lulu Ma, Hong Liu
Hydrogen is promising clean energy fuel with the highest energy density among renewable energy systems. Electrolysis of water is an effective and sustainable method for mass production of hydrogen [1]. Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a half-reaction in the process of electrochemical water splitting, which requires an efficient and stable electrocatalyst to reduce the overpotential. Recent studies have shown that noble-metal catalysts, especially platinum(0)-based materials, usually exhibit excellent catalytic activity due to their high exchange current density and minimal overpotential [2]. However, the high cost and scarcity of noble metals have hindered their further industrial applications. Therefore, it is significant to improve the efficiency of noble metals, which mainly depends on the appropriate design of the catalyst [3]. Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have large surface area and good conductivity, usually showing excellent catalytic activity [4, 5]. However, in the process of catalysis, increase of surface energy often leads to serious aggregation, which leads to decrease or passivation of catalytic activity. The general solution is to increase the content of Pt NPs, which usually results in a large waste of Pt and high cost [6]. Consequently, Pt NPs anchored on the surface of stable materials with large specific surfaces areas can reduce the aggregation of Pt NPs and control the nucleation and growth of Pt NPs at fixed active sites [7, 8]. Synergistic effect of multiple components can significantly improve the electrocatalytic performance of composite materials [9–12] by optimizing the electronic structure and accelerating electron transfer between components [13–15]. Loading Pt NPs on the surface of some stable materials with large specific surfaces and certain catalytic activities to form multi-component composites may be an effective strategy to further improve the utilization ratio and stability of Pt NPs catalysis.