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Construction
Published in Raymond Cheung, Ken Ho, Soil Nailing, 2021
A flexible facing, which is usually a proprietary product, contains coated metallic or geosynthetic netting. This should be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. In general, a flexible facing is connected to the soil nail head plates and slope face with pattern pins. Particular attention should be paid to the installation details at the connection between the facing and the soil nail heads, especially at the upper row of soil nails where a secure connection is of paramount importance. Upon completion of flexible facing installation, a vegetation cover could be provided to improve the aesthetic appearance and enhance the erosion resistance. However, if the facing is steep (i.e. slope angle exceeding 55°), other proprietary system or a crib facing may need to be used instead.
Bituminous revetments
Published in Krystiaim W. Pilarczyk, Dikes Aimd Revetments, 2017
Open stone asphalt mattresses are made in a formwork on a smooth foundation using a crane or a finisher. First cables are laid out, then a fabric is placed smoothly. The asphalt is laid on the fabric in two layers. Between these layers a reinforcing netting is built in to take the tension forces during transport and placing. The cables in the mattresses are used for transport and placing only. With small mattresses the cables, which have no reinforcing function are placed under the mattress, which is then suspended by a special frame hanging from a crane or derrick. The cables are removed when the mattress is in place. Large mattresses are to be transported and placed horizontally. Special hoisting eyes are incorporated in the mattress.
Knitting and other forms of yarn manipulation
Published in Michael Hann, Textile Design, 2020
As observed by Emery (1994: 46), the term ‘netting’ usually ‘connotes an open textured single-element fabric with meshes of fixed dimensions secured by knots’. Broadly, the word is used to ‘suggest nothing more than an open-meshed’ structure (Emery, 1994: 46). In nets the openings may be in the form of equilateral triangles, squares or regular hexagons. Probably the best-known end use for nets is in fishing and as a resistance to mosquitos, though various sporting uses come to mind, including netting used in tennis, soccer, hockey and basketball.
Textile applications of commercial photochromic dyes: part8. A statistical investigation of the influence of photochromic dyes on thermoplastic fibres using a UV-irradiation technique
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Basel Younes, Stephanie C. Ward, Robert M. Christie
Textiles have played a significant role in the exchanging of goods, in technology, science and ideas between the East and the West, and now can perform the same role in smart technology exchanging with other sciences (Ajeeb & Younes, 2017). Polymers are supplied to the extrusion machine, either from a chemical reactor or as polymer chips. The extruder contains a special form of rotation screw (or multi screws) in a heated barrel (or a cylinder) and the die-head on the end of the barrel. The relationship between temperature and the physical properties of man-made fibres is essential to understand the dyeing mechanisms associated with these fibres. Polypropylene, polyethylene and polyester fibres have a wide range of applications, partly because the technical performance is remarkably high for a fibre and they are inexpensive to produce. In addition the production of synthetic fibre is comparatively straightforward. They are used in non-woven and textile apparel, for example, horticultural netting and medical and hygiene products, underwear and socks with outdoor textile apparel applications in sports and leisurewear, such as cycle shorts, swimwear and lightweight outerwear for climbers (Mather & Wardman, 2011). At a relatively low temperature, the mobility of polymeric chains of an amorphous polymer is restricted, a condition referred to as the frozen state of the molecular chains of the polymer. When the temperature rises, the energy of the polymeric system increases, and therefore the amplitude of the vibration motions of constituent atoms increases.