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Nanogenerators-Based Energy Storage Devices
Published in Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Rajender Boddula, Tariq Altalhi, Nanogenerators, 2023
Vivian C. Akubude, Ayooluwa P. Adeagbo, Jelili A. Oyedokun, Victor C. Okafor, Kevin N. Nwaigwe
With the serious problems of environmental pollution and the possibility of an energy crisis, the desire for green and renewable energy sources for practical applications has gained increasing importance. Energy collection methods including solar energy, wave, wind or mechanical energy have attracted widespread attention for small self-powered electronic devices with low power consumption, such as sensors, wearable devices, electronic skin and implantable devices. One significant challenge for electronic devices is that the energy storage devices are unable to provide sufficient energy for continuous and long-time operation, leading to frequent recharging or inconvenient battery replacement. To satisfy the needs of next-generation electronic devices for sustainable working, conspicuous progress has been achieved regarding the development of nanogenerator-based self-charging energy storage devices. A nanogenerator is a type of technology that converts mechanical/thermal energy as produced by small-scale physical change into electricity. And, this chapter discusses the various types of nanogenerators, applications of nanotechnology in energy and integration of nanogenerator in energy storage devices.
Polymeric Nanogenerators
Published in Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Rajender Boddula, Tariq Altalhi, Polymers in Energy Conversion and Storage, 2022
Rutuja S. Bhoje, Parag R. Nemade
This chapter has discussed polymer-based piezoelectric, triboelectric, and electrostatic/electromagnetic nanogenerators and their application with operating mechanisms, device design, and performance. Polymer generators have excellent properties like flexibility, an active mechanical mechanism, and sensing ability. Polymeric nanogenerator application gives a broader aspect to converting wasted energy into electricity. Polymeric nanogenerators successfully scavenge energy from sources like ambient vibrations, wind and water flow, human motion, and sea wave vibrations. Nanogenerator devices show significant application in fields like wearable and stretchable devices, sensors devices, photovoltaic textiles, wind-driven nanogenerators, and blue energy harvesting. Though nanogenerators are very well developed, there are still several challenges and much scope for improvement, as the mechanism behind triboelectrification has many theories but which are not justified yet. A commercial viewpoint on polymeric nanogenerators has also yet to be found; however, there is a need to explore areas like the selection and optimization of materials for the system, the design of the NG, enhancement in the output performance of NG, reproducibility of results, and optimal units in energy harvesting devices like power management and signal processing energy storage elements. PNG devices also need mechanical stability and long durability.
Process, Design, and Technological Integration of Flexible Microsupercapacitors
Published in Aneeya Kumar Samantara, Satyajit Ratha, Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Systems for Future Sustainability, 2020
The piezoelectric nanogenerator is an energy harvesting system that converts mechanical energy into electricity. So after integrating the nanogenerator with MSC arrays, the combined self-powered unit readily converts the mechanical energy into electric energy and stored into the system. The fabrication of self-charging micro-supercapacitor power unit (SCMPU) with integrating triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and self-powered micro-supercapacitor (Msc) arrays was conducted by a simple laser engraving technique (Luo et al., 2015). The whole system is shown in Figure 4.10, where the two sides of the laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes are used to design the TENG and MSC array separately. In this system, the MSC unit could be self-powered by mechanical movements and this type of characteristic facilitates the system to couple with other optoelectronic and an electrothermal systems like LED, hygrothermograph, etc. In this system, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by applying external stress on piezoelectric material and then the converted electrical energy is stored into the MSC arrays. The PI substrate was taken to fabricate the integrated system into two parts as PI1 and PI2. The top surface of PI1 was used to configure the MSC arrays by four LIG in a series pattern developed by the laser writing method. The bottom surface of PI1 was written by LIG that acts as the top electrode to the integrated unit.
Regenerated silk fibroin loaded with natural additives: a sustainable approach towards health care
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Niranjana Jaya Prakash, Xungai Wang, Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
In order to develop miniaturized power sources for portable electronics and wearable devices, nanogenerators provide the most promising approach. A nanogenerator generates power differently from a traditional electromagnetic induction or thermal generator and offers advantages such as low cost, stable output, and simplified structure. The direct conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy with the aid of a nanogenerator can be classified into three different categories, triboelectric (TENG) and piezoelectric (PENG) nanogenerator, or a combination of both [92]. Considering the inherent rigidity of ceramic piezoelectric materials, flexible piezoelectric materials need to be developed in order to be used in nanogenerator applications [93]. The crystalline silk fibers have proven to be a good piezoelectric material owing to the shear deformation that happens in them [94]. The piezoelectric coefficient of silk fibroin films electrodeposited from a homogeneous solution of silk had a value of 8.39 PM/V. When bending, a silk nanogenerator produces 0.8 mA of short-circuit current and 1.02 V of open-circuit voltage at its peak (peak-to-peak), along with good stability and reliability [93].
Advances and prospects of triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered system
Published in International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 2021
Xuyao An, Chunnan Wang, Ruomei Shao, Shuqing Sun
This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of triboelectric nanogenerator in terms of self-powered devices, including powering sensors, powering wearable devices, collecting ocean energy, and other aspects. A new idea of TENG-driven robot is put forward. Subsequently, several methods to improve the power supply performance of TENG are introduced, including improving the mechanical structure, adding auxiliary equipment, selecting materials and modification, and so on. Structurally, TENG can use flexible materials to generate electricity to adapt to various complex environments, including the internal and external environments of the human body. Its high cost-effectiveness, light weight, good wear resistance, comfort, and biocompatibility provide the necessary conditions for the practical applications of wearable devices. Using biodegradable materials can also contribute to environmental protection and sustainable development.
Thermo-electro-mechanical vibration and buckling analysis of quadrilateral and triangular nanoplates with the nonlocal finite strip method
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2023
Hamid Reza Analooei, Mojtaba Azhari, Hamzeh Salehipour
The pioneering study of nanomaterials opens a new field of research on nano-scale structures. Compared to bulk structures, nanostructures are found to possess extraordinary thermal, electrical, mechanical, and other physical/chemical properties (Azimi Resketi, Ahmadie, and Dehestani 2018; Shahmohammadi, Abdollahi, and Salehipour 2020; Houshmand-Sarvestani, Shahmohammadi, and Salehipour 2020). Piezoelectric nanomaterials exhibit electro-mechanical coupling behavior, which makes them promising for largely sought in nanoelectromechanical systems, e.g., nanoresonator, nanogenerator, light-emitting diodes, chemical sensors, etc. (Xu and Wang 2011; Galan et al. 2011; Tanner et al. 2007; Heidari, Arefi, and Irani Rahaghi 2020; Li 2017).