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Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Viable Route to Realize Portable/Implantable Gas Sensors
Published in Ankur Gupta, Mahesh Kumar, Rajeev Kumar Singh, Shantanu Bhattacharya, Gas Sensors, 2023
The triboelectric effect is a contact-induced electrification (i.e., a general cause of every dayʼs electrostatics), in which a material becomes electrically charged after it is contacted or rubbed with another material. The sign of the charges to be carried by a material depends on its relative polarity in comparison to the material with which it will contact. When two different materials come into contact, an adhesion (a chemical bond) is formed between some parts of the two surfaces and charges travel back and forth within the contact surfaces to equalize their electrochemical potential. The transferred charges can be electrons or ions. When separated, a number of bonded atoms tend to keep extra electrons and a few bent to offer them away, hence possibly yielding triboelectric charges on surfaces. In general, the materials with strong triboelectrification effect are likely less conductive, thus, they typically capture the transferred charges, retain them for an extended period of time, and strengthen the electrostatic charges [26,32].
Waste Mechanical Energy Harvesting from Vehicles by Smart Materials
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Energy from Waste, 2022
Ömer Faruk Ünsal, Ayşe Çelik Bedeloğlu
The triboelectric effect is based on static electricity. Electric current is observed when two different dielectric materials come into contact [24]. The electrons of the surface atoms of dielectric materials can leave their orbits when the materials touch each other and move to the surface atom orbit of the other material. Since this movement will disrupt the electronic balance, electric current is observed from the electron acceptor material to the electron donor material when the materials in contact are separated by completing the circuit [26]. In addition, the dielectric layers of triboelectric systems that respond to generating static electricity can come into contact with four different types (Figure 30.2). Even these four types of contact mechanisms for triboelectric nanogenerators involve sliding or impacting motions; basically, all these modes are based on the contact and separation of dielectric materials. However, especially during sliding movements, apart from electrical energy, frictional heat energy is produced.
Pre-treatment, Concentration, and Enrichment of Precious Metals from Urban Mine Resources
Published in Sadia Ilyas, Hyunjung Kim, Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava, Sustainable Urban Mining of Precious Metals, 2021
Hyunjung Kim, Sadia Ilyas, Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava
The triboelectric effect (also known as triboelectric charging) is a type of contact electrification whereby certain materials become electrically charged after they are separated from a different material with which they were in contact. Static electricity is defined as an electrical charge caused by an imbalance of electrons on the surface of a material. Electrostatic charge is most commonly created by the contact and separation of two similar or dissimilar materials. Creating an electrostatic charge by contact and separation of materials is known as triboelectric charging. It involves the transfer of electrons between materials. The atoms of a material with no static charge have an equal number of positive (+) protons in their nucleus and negative (-) electrons orbiting the nucleus.
Self-assisted wound healing using piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2022
Fu-Cheng Kao, Hsin-Hsuan Ho, Ping-Yeh Chiu, Ming-Kai Hsieh, Jen‐Chung Liao, Po-Liang Lai, Yu-Fen Huang, Min-Yan Dong, Tsung-Ting Tsai, Zong-Hong Lin
Vertical contact-separation (CS) mode: The first prepared TENG mode is the vertical CS mode, which is also one of the two basic TENG modes. These TENGs are composed of a pair of triboelectric layers arranged in a face-to-face vertical manner, with electrodes attached to their back sides to form an external circuit (Figure 2(a)). Oppositely charged surfaces are induced in response to the triboelectric effect when two different materials are forced into first contact. The surface charges neutralize each other and the electric potential disappears after the moment of contact. The electrical potential is created again following separation of the two triboelectric layers by a mechanical force. Then, the free electrons in one electrode move to the other electrode to build an opposite potential in order to balance the electrostatic field. When the layers are pushed into contact again, the opposite charges once again neutralize each other and the current flows in the opposite direction, thereby producing an alternating current [84].
Experimental investigation of a modified free-fall tribo-electrostatic separator with rotating electrodes
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2022
Imad Eddine Kimi, Mohamed Miloudi, Seddik Touhami, Djamel-Eddine Fekir, Amar Tilmatine
The triboelectric effect represents an interesting electric charging mechanism in several processes, such as triboelectric sensors (Yurteri et al. 2002; Mehrani, Bi, and Grace 2007), energy harvesting (Wei and Realff 2003; Mach et al. 2017), and electrostatic separation of particles (Lun and Savage 1987; Baraff 1993; Kharaz, Gorham, and Salman 2001; Liu et al. 2013). The operation of the tribo-electrostatic separators is mainly based on the triboelectric charging of particles with opposite polarities using a tribo-charging device. First, the granules get an electric charge and then are fed into the separator; the particle trajectories are then deflected according to the polarities of the electrodes and the value of the charge (Maammar et al. 2019, Fekir et al. 2015). Note that the tribo-electrostatic separation of plastic mixtures is used as a major operation for the recycling of waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE).
Progress on wearable triboelectric nanogenerators in shapes of fiber, yarn, and textile
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2019
Textile provides intrinsic porous structure and high surface roughness, traditionally used for protection, warming, and aesthetics [32]. In line with the rapid growth in modern portable and wearable electronics, realizing textiles with additional functions is of great significance, such as electricity generation, energy storage, and color/thermal management, which could endow textiles with new vitality for smart wearable systems [8,10,33]. Self-powered textile is one of the fundamental needs to attain the self-charging wearable systems. It is realizable by triboelectric effect to convert the mechanical energy of movements or biomechanical energy of motions into electricity, promising to continuously power up the other electronic modules. Important progress has been achieved on exploring the configuration of textile TENG, improving the triboelectric performance, and considering washability and comfortability of devices [34–37].