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Properties of Engineering Materials
Published in Leo Alting, Geoffrey Boothroyd, Manufacturing Engineering Processes, 2020
Leo Alting, Geoffrey Boothroyd
Mechanical properties generally include the reactions of a material to mechanical loadings. In the majority of cases, it is the mechanical properties with which the engineer is principally concerned in material selection, because to evaluate their performance in terms of the desired functions he or she needs to know how materials would react to the design loadings.
Knowledge-Based Design and Additional Considerations
Published in Yogesh Jaluria, Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems, 2019
Thermal properties, such as thermal conductivity, diffusivity, specific heat, density, and latent heat, are stored for thermal systems, usually at different temperatures or as functions of temperature. In order to avoid damaging them, constraints on temperature and temperature gradient are given for the various materials. Damage may occur, for instance, due to the melting or charring of the material, thermal stresses, and deformation at high temperatures. Cost, availability, manufacturability, strength, and other relevant properties are important in material selection and should also be included. The information stored is usually a strong function of the application. Again, the information is stored in terms of classes and subclasses of materials, as shown in Figure 2.32, to facilitate inclusion of additional property data and information retrieval.
Design for energy absorption using snap-through bistable metamaterials
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2023
Andrew Montalbano, Georges M. Fadel, Gang Li
This paper investigates optimizing a metamaterial system constructed from bistable curved beams designed to provide hysteretic energy loss. This is achieved by developing a surrogate model of the hysteretic energy loss by using a high-order analytical model and finite element simulations. The surrogate model clearly indicates the relationship between the energy loss and the design parameters of the bistable beams. Analysis results show that the surrogate model exhibits high efficiency and explainability in comparison with the existing theories and finite element analysis. By using the surrogate model, optimal solutions for several systems are obtained. First, single beam design parameters are optimized for maximum hysteretic energy loss. Next, optimal dimension scaling and tessellation in metamaterials tessellated with the curved beams are obtained. Lastly, the relationship between the energy loss density and material properties (Young's modulus and yield strength) is revealed for material selection. The obtained results show that the surrogate model is a powerful tool for the design and optimization of the bistable curved beam-based metamaterials for achieving maximum hysteretic energy loss.
The impact of Jin Mao Tower on life-cycle civil engineering of tall buildings
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2022
To investigate the potential impact planning and design decisions have at a district scale using PCM, a series of analyses are conducted considering building height, material, and resiliency (Figure 52). In Figure 54, red indicates buildings with low or poor NFA values and green indicates parcels with NFA values exceeding 75%. First, the current Transbay District plan is evaluated using PCM. As can be observed, a large number of small parcels which have been zoned with tall height limits cannot reach their desired potential due to poor NFA values and corresponding financial performance. Next, each parcel’s height limit is adjusted to produce a NFA value of 75%. The resulting urban form is relatively uniform but can potentially facilitate nearly 50% more GFA – an important consideration with the increasing densities of our future cities. The effect of structural material selection is also considered; even taller buildings can be facilitated with steel construction and yield a nearly 70% GFA increase.
Strategic eco-design map of the complex products: toward visualisation of the design for environment
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2018
Samira Keivanpour, Daoud Ait Kadi
There are a variety of tools and methodological approaches to DfE implementation. Ilgin and Gupta (2010) performed a survey of environmentally conscious manufacturing practices. They classified the related practices applied in the design phase in three categories: Design for X (including DfE, design for assembly and design for recycling), LCA (life cycle assessment) and material selection. QFD (quality function deployment), AHP (analytic hierarchical process) and LCA are widely used in this context. For example, Cristofari, Deshmukh, and Wang (1996), Kuo (2003), Masui et al. (2003), and Bovea and Wang (2003) used QFD. Santos-Reyes and Lawlor-Wright (2001), Lye, Lee, and Khoo (2002), and Qian and Zhang (2009) used AHP approach for integration of environmental thinking into the design phase. Some scholars utilised hybrid approaches. Zhang (1999), Romli et al. (2015) and Bovea and Wang (2007) applied QFD and LCA. Mehta and Wang (2001), and Li et al. (2008) used a combination of AHP and LCA techniques. Davidsson (1998) developed a DfE approach by combining screening LCA (life cycle assessment) and QFD (quality function deployment). Sakao (2007) used the combination of three methodologies: LCA, QFDE (quality function deployment for the environment) and TRIZ (Theory of inventive problem solving). A survey of the literature highlights that the strategic objectives, industrial context and technical features should be considered simultaneously in DfE approaches. Therefore, multi-criteria methods and the strategic approaches like QFD and TRIZ are used much more frequently.