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Production
Published in Wanda Grimsgaard, Design and Strategy, 2023
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a standardised, science-based tool for quantifying the environmental impacts of a product over its entire life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials to its end-of-life management (Origin, 2018). LCA is a standardised method through ISO 14040 and 15014044 standards (Deloitte Sustainability, 2020):10a multi-step approach, considering potential impacts of a product all along its life-cycle.a multi-criteria approach, taking a wide range of environmental issues into account e.g. climate change, water scarcity, air acidification, water eutrophication.
Sustainable Manufacturing Tools: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Published in S. Vinodh, Sustainable Manufacturing, 2020
This chapter provides readers with the fundamentals and application steps of a life cycle assessment (LCA) in four phases: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. The details of the four phases are discussed. The procedure of life cycle costing with the computations are also presented. The scenarios of manufacturing a new component and reverse manufacturing an old component are discussed.
Green Productivity Tools and Techniques
Published in Guttila Yugantha Jayasinghe, Shehani Sharadha Maheepala, Prabuddhi Chathurika Wijekoon, Green Productivity and Cleaner Production, 2020
Guttila Yugantha Jayasinghe, Shehani Sharadha Maheepala, Prabuddhi Chathurika Wijekoon
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the total environmental impacts related to all stages of a product’s life cycle (from the raw material extraction to disposal stage) (Anex and Lifset, 2014). The full range of environmental effects associated with a product’s life cycle can be compared using LCA. is the assessment quantifies all processes and assesses the environmental impacts of them by considering environmental standards such as ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 (Anex and Lifset, 2014).
Life-cycle economic and environmental assessment of warm stone mastic asphalt
Published in Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, 2018
Zhen Leng, Imad L. Al-Qadi, Ruijun Cao
Traditionally, the life-cycle performance of a pavement material or technology is evaluated based on its economic performance through a life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA). However, conventional LCCA may not consider the environmental impact, which is critical for building a sustainable and resilient pavement system. Actually, the environmental impact is being considered as part of the decision-making process by many agencies in Europe and some in the US. Hence, to provide a realistic evaluation of a new pavement material or technology, both environmental and economic impacts should be considered at each stage of the material life cycle, from resource extraction through manufacturing, construction, maintenance/rehabilitation, use, and final disposal. To predict the environmental and economic impact of a technology or a product, life-cycle assessment (LCA), a tool used to quantify the overall environmental impact of a given technology, can be coupled with LCCA.
Quantifying greenhouse gas emission of asphalt pavement preservation at construction and use stages using life-cycle assessment
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2020
Hao Wang, Israa Al-Saadi, Pan Lu, Abbas Jasim
Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing potential environmental burdens and impacts throughout a product’s life from raw material acquisition through production, use and disposal (ISO, 2006). LCA is an appropriate tool for assessing the environmental impacts and helps to identify which impacts are the most significant across the life-cycle. As such, the LCA of pavement should be based on understanding of all pavement-related processes, including material extraction and processing, construction, operation, preservation, rehabilitation, and disposal that go into all phases of the life-cycle of pavement.
A whole building life-cycle assessment methodology and its application for carbon footprint analysis of U.S. commercial buildings
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2023
Hao Zhang, Jie Cai, James E. Braun
Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely adopted analysis technique to evaluate environmental impacts associated with several stages of a product's life including raw material extraction, processing, manufacturing, distribution, use, and demolition (Cole and Kernan 1996). It represents a systematic approach to quantify the energy and material flows through the whole life of a product, process or service, and has been applied for building carbon footprint analysis since the 1990s (Wang, Shen, and Barryman 2011). A majority of the previous efforts focused on the analysis of the life-cycle carbon footprint associated with building construction (e.g. Cellura et al. 2014; Bribián, Usón, and Scarpellini 2009; Monteiro and Freire 2012; Cuéllar-Franca and Azapagic 2012; Bernett, Kral, and Dogan 2021; Asadi et al. 2020). For instance, Asif, Muneer, and Kelley (2007) performed a LCA study of five main construction materials (wood, aluminium, glass, concrete and ceramic tiles) for a dwelling in Scotland to determine their respective environmental impacts. The study found that concrete alone contributed over 65% of the total embodied energy and carbon of the building under study. Citherlet et al. presented a LCA approach to estimate the environmental performance of various window and glazing systems used in commercial buildings (Citherlet, Di Guglielmo, and Gay 2000). Advanced glazing technologies, e.g. low-emissivity glass, were found to have greater life-cycle environmental impacts compared to conventional windows. However, the resultant savings of the air-conditioning energy consumption outweighed the increase of the embodied energy. Ochsendorf et al. (2011) evaluated and compared the environmental impacts of concrete and steel for commercial buildings and found similar embodied emissions; however, the use-phase environmental impacts associated with concrete buildings were found to be 7% to 9% lower, due to the higher thermal inertia.