China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Energy Storage and Transport
Published in D. Yogi Goswami, Principles of Solar Engineering, 2023
For low-temperature applications such as heating, cooling, and domestic hot water, foam rubber or polyurethane foam insulation is normally used. For higher-temperature applications, the principal insulations include calcium silicate, mineral fiber, expanded silica (perlite), and fiberglass. Table 4.11 lists the properties of industrial-grade insulations useful in elevated temperature solar systems (Harrison and Pelanne 1977). Calcium silicate is a mixture of lime and silica reinforced with fibers and molded into shape. It has good compressive strength. Mineral fiber consists of rock and slag fibers bonded together and are useful up to 1200°F (650°C). The compressive strength is less than calcium silicate but is available in both rigid and flexible, shaped segments.
Validation of a hyperelastic modelling approach for cellular rubber
Published in Bertrand Huneau, Jean-Benoit Le Cam, Yann Marco, Erwan Verron, Constitutive Models for Rubber XI, 2019
A. Ricker, N.H. Krӧger, M. Ludwig, R. Landgraf, J. Ihlemann
The ASTM Committee E02 on Terminology (2005) distinguishes between three different types of cellular rubber based on the production method and cell type. Latex foam rubber is made by stirring mechanically gas into a liquid latex compound before it is subsequently cured. Alternatively, a blowing agent can be incorporated into a solid rubber compound that decomposes during the vulcanisation process and chemically gas bubbles. These materials are either referred to as sponge rubber in case of predominately open, interconnected cells or as expanded rubber in case of predominately closed, non-interconnected cells. This contribution focuses on the latter one.
Effect of microscopic structure on mechanical characteristics of foam rubber
Published in Alexander Lion, Michael Johlitz, Constitutive Models for Rubber X, 2017
A. Matsuda, S. Oketani, Y. Kimura, A. Nomoto
Foam rubbers such as polyurethane foam are used widely in transport equipment, sports equipment, living ware and so on. The advantage reasons of which the foam rubber are used, are large deformable performance, soft stiffness, durability for cyclic deformations and manufacturing formability. The form rubber include numerous microscopic cavities inside. So, the mechanical characteristics of the foam rubber are strongly depend on mechanical properties of rubber matrix and its microstructure.
Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of Hydro-Fluorocarbon Refrigerant R134a on TiO2 Nanoparticle Coated Copper Heating Surfaces
Published in Heat Transfer Engineering, 2019
In order to know the surface temperature, three Pt-100 resistance thermometers (T1, T2 and T3) with a precision of ±0.1°C is provided at top of the heating block with 4 mm spacing distance. Three holes of 3 mm inner-diameter and 15.5 mm of depth at 120° angle orientation for resistance thermometers (T1, T2 and T3) have been kept. The 0.009 m diameter test surface with a special collar arrangement of 0.011 m diameter is mounted tightly on the 0.011 m diameter copper bar to avoid any heating resistance. All joints of the system are to be fitted tightly so that the total system is leak proof. The copper block is insulated by 150 mm thick glass wool, EPE foam, rubber and trapping belt to resist the radial heat transfer to the environment. In addition, all the connecting pipes, vessel and again copper block i.e. whole system is wrapped by glass wool, Expanded Polyethylene foam, rubber and trapping belt to achieve the proper thermal insulation.