China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
1,3-Butadiene is a simple conjugated diene. It is a colorless gas with a mild aromatic or gasoline-like odor and incompatible with phenol, chlorine dioxide, copper, and crotonal-dehyde. The gas is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition is possible. It is an important industrial chemical used as a monomer in the production of synthetic rubber. Most butadiene is polymerized to produce synthetic rubber. While poly-butadiene itself is a very soft, almost liquid material, polymers prepared from mixtures of butadiene with styrene or acrylonitrile, such as ABS, are both tough and elastic. Styrene-butadiene rubber is the material most commonly used for the production of automobile tires. Smaller amounts of butadiene are used to make nylon via the intermediate adipo-nitrile, other synthetic rubber materials such as chloroprene, and the solvent sulfolane. Butadiene is used in the industrial production of cyclododecatriene via a trimerization reaction.
Polymer modified asphalt binder – an approach for enhancing temperature sensitivity for emergency pavement repair
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022
Hayder Al Hawesah, Monower Sadique, Clare Harris, Hassan Al Nageim, Karl Stopp, Harry Pearl
As expected, the binder modified with rubber and wax improved the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures (as confirmed in the PI, FTIR and XRD results). The modification of the binder caused an increase in the stiffness of the asphalt mixture; therefore, rut depth in the asphalt mixture was significantly reduced. In addition, the results of the wheel track test agree with the results of the ITSM test in that there were higher stiffness modulus values displayed by RuW, compared to that of HMA. The wheel track test outcomes suggest that modifying the neat bitumen with 20% rubber and 2% wax decreases rutting depth and the thermal sensitivity of asphalt mixtures. Indeed, using asphalt binder with high PI improved resistance to permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures (Ghasemi and Marandi 2013, Taherkhani and Afroozi 2016, Yaacob et al.2016). Ultimately, modifying the neat bitumen with 20% rubber and 2% wax could provide a great alternative to the expensive materials stated by Zhu et al. (2014) and Sun et al. (2018), Styrene Butadiene Styrene.
Integrated CNTs/SiO2 nano-additives on SBS polymeric superhydrophobic coatings for self-cleaning
Published in Surface Engineering, 2020
Bin Chen, Zaosheng Lv, Fen Guo, Yanfen Huang
Organic–inorganic hybrid method as an effective modification method, the incorporation of nano particles directly into polymers exhibits great potentials in fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces because of its low demand for equipment, simple operation, large-area fabrication and easy realization of industrialized production. Polymers, such as polyaniline [20], polyethersulfone [21], polypropylene [22], polydimethylsiloxane [23], polybenzoxazine [24], polystyrene [25], polycarbonate [26], and polytetrafluoroethylene [27], and nanoparticles, such as nanoparticles of SiO2 [28], TiO2 [29], ZnO [30] and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [31], are widely used to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces. Styrene–butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymers as a thermoplastic elastomer have two-phase morphology of spherical polystyrene block domains within matrix of polybutadiene. SBS are the world’s largest production and most similar to rubber performance, with low costs, and widely used in building [32,33]. As far as we know so far there are almost no reports on the use of SBS for the preparation of superhydrophobic coatings. Considering SBS possesses excellent tensile strength, good chemical resistance and outstanding low-temperature property, it is a kind of excellent polymers which can be applied to construct superhydrophobic coatings.
Effect of aging level on viscoelastic properties of asphalt binder containing waste polyethylene
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2019
Priyansh Singh, Aravind Krishna Swamy
In recent years, use of modified asphalt binder in pavement construction is gaining popularity. Such an approach of utilisation of modified binder may result in improved pavement performance and subsequent reduction in maintenance cost (Lu and Isacsson 2000). In general, these modified binders exhibits improved resistance against various distress mechanisms occurring in pavement like fatigue (Khattak and Baladi 1998; King et al. 1993; Terrel and Walter 1986), rutting (Terrel and Walter 1986; Valkering et al. 1990), temperature cracking (King et al. 1992), moisture damage (Aksoy et al. 2005; Collins et al. 1991), binder hardening (Lu and Isacsson 1998; Ruan, Davison, and Glover 2003; Yildirim 2007) and stripping (Gorkem and Sengoz 2009; Kanitpong and Bahia 2005). Polymers used for asphalt modification can be broadly classified in two categories i.e. elastomers and plastomers. In general, elastomers and plastomers increase the elasticity and stiffness of asphalt, respectively (Becker, Mendez, and Rodriguez 2001; Yildirim 2007). Some examples for elastomers are styrene–butadiene rubber, styrene–butadiene–styrene and Crumb rubber. Similarly, examples for plastomers are Ethylene-vinyl-acetate, Ethylene-methacrylate, Elvaloy, polyethylene, Polypropylene. Researchers have reported that exact characteristics of asphalt modified binders depend upon the type and amount of modification and the process of modification (Lewandowski 1994; Lu, Isacsson, and Ekblad 1999).