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Elastomeric and Plastomeric Materials
Published in Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan, Functionalized Polymers, 2021
Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi, Payam Zarrintaj, Saeed Manouchehri, Joshua D. Ramsey, Mohammad Reza Ganjali, Mohammad Reza Saeb
Elastomers are highly elastic and amorphous polymers known and distinguished from other polymers for their low glass transition temperature and relatively low Young’s modulus. Low intermolecular interactions in the elastomers result in high extensibility and flexibility (Bhowmick 2008). They are predominantly thermosetting elastomers (TSEs), while there is also another group, known as thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), which can be processed properly by using conventional thermal operations such as extrusion and injection molding (Paran et al. 2019) . TSEs cover two-thirds of the global elastomer market because of their high resistance to heat and chemicals, aesthetic appearance, and good mechanical properties. Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is a TSE that is widely used in tire manufacturing, automotives, medical applications, consumer goods, and industrial sectors that are the major consumers of elastomers (X. Liu et al. 2014). Common unsaturated rubbers that can be cured using vulcanization agents, especially sulfur, include synthetic polyisoprene (isoprene rubber) and its natural counterpart, polybutadiene, poly(isobutylene-co-isoprene) or butyl rubber and its halogenated derivatives (especially chlorinated and brominated), polychloroprene (chloroprene rubber), and poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) or nitrile rubber. Well-known saturated rubbers are ethylene propylene diene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, silicone rubber, and ethylene-vinyl acetate (Boczkowska 2012).
Electron Beam Processes
Published in Jiri George Drobny, Radiation Technology for Polymers, 2020
Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) are either block copolymers (SBS, SEBS, SEPS, TPU, COPA, and COPE) or blends, such as TPO (elastomer/hard thermoplastic, also referred to as thermoplastic olefin) and TPV (thermoplastic vulcanizate, blend of a vulcanized elastomer and a hard thermoplastic). These types represent the majority of the TPEs; other types are either specialty or small-volume materials.
Markets for Thermoplastic Elastomers
Published in Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Elastomer Technology Handbook, 2020
For those end-users with global manufacturing operations, TPEs offer an advantage because compounds based on thermoplastic elastomers do not have to be certified in each country as do the thermoset rubber compounds; they are available worldwide as standard grades. Processors only have to empty the pellets from the bag into the processing equipment.
Rapid end-of-arm-tooling manufacturing of vacuum grippers
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2019
Jesús Manuel Gómez-de-Gabriel, Antonio J. Muñoz-Ramírez, Marta Palacios, Luis Parras
Materials that can be used for AM are plastic (FDM, SLS), metal (DMLS) and resin (SLA). Plastics can have different colours and mechanical properties. Some of the more commonly used thermoplastics are ABS, Polylactic Acid (PLA), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyamide (nylon), and Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), mostly based on polyurethane (TPU). They are widely available and inexpensive. Using plastic materials can bring new applications where metal components are not suitable due to its conductivity, rigidity, magnetic properties or corrosion resistance. As an example, in Comber et al. (2016) a Magnetic-Resonance compatible device has been presented. Plastics have the additional advantages of smooth contact, so they will not scratch the products, and they dampen impact forces so that a tool crash is less likely to damage the robot (Stratasys 2015). FDM technology makes possible building hollow internal structures in durable and lightweight materials. Weight reductions of ninety percent or more are possible, and this weight reduction improves motor efficiency, reduces component wear and extends the time between preventive maintenance cycles. As FDM machines provide low dimensional accuracy due to multiple error sources, Wang et al. (2017) presented a new strategy for error compensation based on the characterisation of in-plane errors.
Digital interlooping: 3D printing of weft-knitted textile-based tubular structures using selective laser sintering of nylon powder
Published in International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education, 2019
TPU: TPU belongs to a group of rubber like plastics called thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). TPU material properties include elasticity and moderate strength. TPU has been used by designers most notably Iris van Herpen & Julia Koerner to 3D print a dress that explores flexibility through an inter-woven thread like structure.