China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Smart and Electronic Textiles
Published in Sheraz Ahmad, Abher Rasheed, Ali Afzal, Faheem Ahmad, Advanced Textile Testing Techniques, 2017
Iftikhar Ali Sahito, Awais Khatri, Sheraz Ahmad, Abher Rasheed, Ali Afzal, Faheem Ahmad
Textiles are the most versatile materials found today with respect to their ease of fabrication, the design to which they can be engineered, their conventional and emerging applications, and their flexibility, lightweight, and low cost (Dastjerdi & Montazer, 2010; Kadolph, 2007). Among modern forms of textiles, electronic textiles or e-textiles have found their way into everyday life in the form of technological equipment within regular clothing to improve the quality of life (Bowman & Mattes, 2005; Carpi & De Rossi, 2005; Curone et al., 2010; Shim, Chen, Doty, Xu, & Kotov, 2008). Textile fabrics are such a flexible class of materials that might replace silicon wafers in the future, in fact many researchers say that fabrics are the new silicon wafers (Dhawan, Seyam, Ghosh, & Muth, 2004; Post, Orth, Russo, & Gershenfeld, 2000; Yoo, 2013). We are at the beginning of the use of portable and wearable electronic devices, which will drive through a new path for textiles that hitherto have only been considered as something to be worn and used for decorative purposes. Yet, there are a lot of obstacles to be overcome before e-textiles can replace the novel silicon wafer in the future and build their own commercial market with standardized procedures for their production, along with reproducible results. So far e-textiles are in the research phase and it might take a few more years before they reach our doors as ordinary clothing.
Supervised and Semi-Supervised Identification of Users and Activities from Wearable Device Brain Signal Recordings
Published in B.K. Tripathy, J. Anuradha, Internet of Things (IoT), 2017
Glavin Wiechert, Matt Triff, Zhixing Liu, Zhicheng Yin, Shuai Zhao, Ziyun Zhong, Runxing Zhou, Pawan Lingras
e-Textiles comprise various clothing and fabrics with integrated electronics that allow them to communicate, measure, and transform. Smart clothing, such as the smart shirts, developed by OMsignal and Hexoskin, provides in-depth biometric measurements, including heart rate, breathing rate, step counts, calorie counts, and more. The smart clothing is used by athletes to improve training and athletic performance, and by researchers to research sleep patterns, stress levels, respiratory ability, and air pollution.
Improving Neurorehabilitation of the Upper Limb through Big Data
Published in Ervin Sejdić, Tiago H. Falk, Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Biomedical Big Data, 2018
While IMUs can be used to identify and analyze movement patterns for a variety of applications, one area in which they are limited is the analysis of hand function. IMUs and accelerometers for tracking upper limb activity are typically worn on the wrist, and as such are much more reflective of arm movements than of finger movements and are not able to capture information related to fine manipulation. One device by Friedman and colleagues sought to partially overcome this limitation by using magnetometers to track a magnetic ring on the index finger, complementing the information provided by a wrist-worn accelerometer [64]. This approach revealed clear but very task-dependent relationships between arm and hand usage [65]. Instrumented gloves can describe hand posture in more detail and have been the topic of a few studies in rehabilitation [66–69]. Potential limitations of these devices are that they may interfere with certain tasks and may be difficult to don for some patients with hand contractures, and consequently, it is not clear whether these devices have sufficient usability to accommodate large-scale data gathering in either the clinic or the home. Expanding on the concept of the instrumented glove, the use of electronic textiles (e-textiles) is also appealing for monitoring rehabilitation activities. The term e-textiles refers to garments that are able to perform sensing or actuating functions by virtue of electronic components embedded in the fabric, or of textiles that have electronic properties themselves. This technology could eventually be used to achieve wearable motion capture or monitoring of electromyographic (EMG) signals; however, a recent systematic review found that, despite a number of studies describing e-textiles for rehabilitation applications, only a very small proportion of these had tested the garments on individuals with neurological impairments [70,71]. The suitability of e-textile garments in this context therefore still needs to be established.
Flexible wearable sensors - an update in view of touch-sensing
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2021
Chi Cuong Vu, Sang Jin Kim, Jooyong Kim
Some e-textiles are highly bendable, stretchable, and washable while keeping good electrical conductivity. As shown in Figure 3d, integrating the omniphobic triboelectric nanogenerators (RF‐TENGs) into the e-textiles shows excellent stability under deformations, washing durability, high sensitivity to touch, and cost‐effective manufacturing [88]. Thanks to natural and artificial fibers/fabrics such as cotton, silk, or polyacrylates, which are standard materials of life, e-textiles have a great advantage of comfortable for wearers. Alonso et al. [89] demonstrated graphene-enabled functional devices directly produced on textile fibers (0.03 mm thick and 2.4 mm wide). These capacitive touch sensors were fabricated by using a roll-to-roll-compatible patterning technique, opening new avenues for woven textile electronics.
Review of the end-of-life solutions in electronics-based smart textiles
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Van Langenhove and Hertleer (2004) state ‘smart textiles are fabrics or apparel products that contain technologies, which sense and react to the conditions of the environment they are exposed to, thus allowing the wearer to experience increased functionality’. The conditions or stimuli can be electrical, mechanical, thermal, chemical, or a combination of these. The main research in the smart textile field is indefinitely focused on improving the integration level, from moving from garment level to fibre level (Schneegass & Amft, 2017). For example, Katashev et al. (2019) replaced conventional EIT (electrical impedance tomography) electrodes with knitted textiles electrodes where conductive parts are on fibre level. Electronic textiles (e-textiles) are a subcategory of smart textiles that are based on electronics and conductive textiles, e.g. silver-coated fabrics or yarns, conductive inks and/or conductive polymers (Stoppa & Chiolerio, 2014). The e-textiles system includes the traditional electronic components, for example, printed circuit boards (PCB) and non-textile sensors that include ceramics in addition to metals and plastics.
Upcycling textile wastes: challenges and innovations
Published in Textile Progress, 2021
Zunjarrao Kamble, Bijoya Kumar Behera
According to the World Bank report (Hoornweg & Bhada-Tata, 2012), textile waste is a part of ‘other waste’, which includes leather, rubber, multi-laminates, e-waste, appliances, and other inert materials. The other waste accounted for about 15.5 % in 2012 globally, which is estimated to increase to 16.25% by 2025. The average global municipal solid waste collection rate is around 70%. Further, it has been reported that recycling e-textiles waste is more challenging as compared to ordinary textile waste (Köhler, Hilty, & Bakker, 2011). The e-textiles consist of electronic components or devices embedded into the textile. The fundamental challenge is the collection of e-textiles. In the case of the export of e-textiles, flammable components such as batteries must be removed from textiles before baling operation. Furthermore, if the e-textiles are processed on mechanical fibre reclamation machines, all the electronic devices or components need to be separated carefully from textiles. Otherwise, the quality and market value of the shredded material obtained will go down. Additionally, the dust released during the shredding of e-textile waste containing heavy metals will cause serious environmental and health hazards.