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Biomolecular Assemblies as Multifunctional Drug Designs
Published in Dan Peer, Handbook of Harnessing Biomaterials in Nanomedicine, 2021
The application of nucleic acid nanotechnology offers a paradigm shift in controlled multifunctionalisation of drug delivery systems. The utilisation of base-driven complementary strand annealing has been utilised to direct the controlled assembly of defined complex two- [23–25] and three-dimensional nucleic acid structures [26, 27]. DNA origami allows assembly of defined nanostructures by a method in which a “scaffold” strand is folded into a designated structure directed by oligonucleotide “staple” strands [28, 29]. Conformational changes can be induced by interaction of nucleic acid sequences built into the design with external complementary nucleic acid triggers to allow stimuli-responsive dynamic structures [30, 31]. Nucleic acid nanotechnology allows nanoscale functional patterning with the potential for unprecedented control over geometry and precise spacial order and inter-molecule distance [32]. This can used to control multivalent display of ligands that effect biomolecular interactions [33]. The following section describes work in our Laboratory towards site-specific multifunctionalisation of the albumin molecule utilising oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) linkers.
Origami-Engineered Structures and Their Biomedical Applications
Published in Pradipta Ranjan Rauta, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Debasis Nayak, Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine, 2019
Dipti Mohanta, Snehaprava Mohapatra, Sonali Khuntia, Suchilagna Sahoo, Pradipta Ranjan Rauta
DNA origami also has biomedical applications in drug delivery (Jiang et al. 2012): origami can be used to create structures that carry drug molecules to particular locations inside the body and deliver with high accuracy. The drugs can be loaded to specific shapes or origami cages or bind to the structures via specific biomolecular interactions. Due to specific interaction, the shape/morphology of the structures can be modified in order to provide higher stability. So, these principles can be employed in fabricating nanorobots: a folded origami nanorobot that can be used in target recognition, self- or stimulus-responsive unfolding, and drug delivery. This can be a boon to cancer therapy, whereby the origami nanorobot can recognize and block tumor-linked blood vessels (Li et al. 2018). Similarly, molecular kirigami structures are applied in a wide range of innovative applications, such as kirigami-based bandages (Zhao et al. 2018).
Optical Methods of Single Molecule Detection and Applications in Biosensors
Published in George K. Knopf, Amarjeet S. Bassi, Smart Biosensor Technology, 2018
Anna Shahmuradyan, Ulrich J. Krull
Another option for creating a biocompatible environment for immobilizing molecules on a surface is based on the use of DNA origami. DNA origami is a DNA “scaffold” that is folded into 2D or 3D assemblies using hundreds of shorter DNA oligonucleotides (26). This scaffold allows for precise and accurate arrangement of functional molecules, fluorescent probes, and nanoparticles. A surface concentration suitable for single molecule studies with DNA origami can be achieved by simple dilution and immobilization on a surface. The scaffold provides protection from the surface for the functional assay and creates a nanoenvironment that has some similarity to that of a living cell environment (26). In addition, DNA origami can be used in conjunction with nanoantennas, which when combined provide a 5000-fold fluorescence intensity enhancement (30).
Beyond the smiley face: applications of structural DNA nanotechnology
Published in Nano Reviews & Experiments, 2018
Aakriti Alisha Arora, Chamaree de Silva
Inspired by a virus, and a specific application designed for biomedical application use, the NanoOctahedron structure was developed wherein a DNA nanostructure is enveloped in a lipid bilayer [17] . The nanostructure was constructed using traditional 3D DNA origami techniques, involving self-assembly of scaffold DNA and staple strands. In this case, single-stranded handles were designed to attach lipid-conjugated oligonucleotides, allowing the lipid bilayer to surround the NanoOctahedron. The lipid-bilayer exhibited less degradation and immune response activation in vitro and in vivo as compared to non-enveloped NanoOctahedrons. Therefore, this nanostructure may prove useful for biomedical applications such as tumor detection [17].
Investigation of properties of surface modes at the boundary of the DNA origami lattice
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2021
Thanos Ioannidis, Tatjana Gric, Edik Rafailov
The DNA origami technology has been expanding its application fields such as nano-engineering, medical science and drug delivery, nano-chemistry, and robotics. Among them bio-mimetics and molecular robotics have become cutting-edge topics for researchers.