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Materials
Published in Sumit Sharma, Composite Materials, 2021
Stone wool is a furnace product of molten rock at a temperature of about 1600°C, through which a stream of air or steam is blown. More advanced production techniques are based on spinning molten rock in high-speed spinning heads somewhat like the process used to produce cotton candy. The final product is a mass of fine, intertwined fibers with a typical diameter of 2–6 µm. Mineral wool may contain a binder, often a Ter-polymer, and an oil to reduce dusting. Though not immune to the effects of a sufficiently hot fire, the fire resistance of fiberglass, stone wool, and ceramic fibers makes them common building materials when passive fire protection is required, being used as spray fireproofing, in stud cavities in drywall assemblies, and as packing materials in fire-stops. Other uses are in resin-bonded panels, as filler in compounds for gaskets, in brake pads, in plastics in the automotive industry, as a filtering medium, and as a growth medium in hydroponics.
A Craft it Yourself Future
Published in Branko Kolarevic, José Pinto Duarte, Mass Customization and Design Democratization, 2018
Virginia San Fratello, Ronald Rael
3D printing is still in its infancy and there is room for innovation and development. Space to develop one’s own materials for 3D printing exists and Emerging Objects has taken advantage of this opportunity to develop materials for 3D printing that are sustainable, durable, and affordable. Materials developed for 3D printing by Emerging Objects include chardonnay grape skins and seeds, coffee, tea, curry, cotton candy, sawdust, salt, cement, calcium carbonate, and recycled rubber tires.
Flow field in micro-triangle of centrifugal composite spinning and the effect of slippage on PA composite nanofibers
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Zhiming Zhang, Peiyan Ye, Qinghua Guo, Kang Liu, Wenhui Li, Jiawei Wang, Changjin Ke
Centrifugal composite spinning is a promising alternative that requires a simple apparatus, variety of raw materials, pollution-free, high preparation efficiency and low energy consumption (Li et al., 2019; Marano et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2018). This method briefly consists of injecting the material into a rotating spinneret, from which the material is expelled when the centrifugal force is larger than the surface tension of the material. Nanofibers are produced through stretching by inertial forces as the solvent is evaporated, based on the cotton-candy production principle (Boschetto et al., 2021; Decent et al., 2009; Stojanovska et al., 2016). In addition, the structure of the tank is designed with different shapes as shown in Figure 1, so that the centrifugal composite spinning can prepare composite nanofibers of other structures such as side-by-side, core-shell, eccentric, which greatly enriches the diversity of composite nanofiber preparation.
Spontaneous foaming during vacuum drying of polyvinylpyrrolidone- and sugar-alcohol mixtures and enhancement of water-dissolution of water insoluble drug
Published in Drying Technology, 2022
Olivier Tramis, Akiho Fujioka, Hiroyuki Imanaka, Naoyuki Ishida, Koreyoshi Imamura
The presence of ibuprofen increases the dryness at 0.1 g/mL. This effect is important in the case of sampling tubes, while it is less relevant in syringes. On surfaces the high wettability of the solution is independent of the presence of ibuprofen. On the other hand, for both syringe and surface, the ibuprofen provokes foaming, as described in the observations section at 0.33 g/mL. This noteworthy features allows to completely dry the solution. The aspect of the dried solutions reminds of cotton candy, which is different from the dry state of the same solution without ibuprofen.
Glass transition, structural relaxation and stability of spray-dried amorphous food solids: A review
Published in Drying Technology, 2019
Runjing Li, Duanquan Lin, Yrjö H. Roos, Song Miao
Many food solids exist in a completely or partially amorphous state due to food processing.[2,20212223242526] The physical state and molecular mobility of amorphous food solids are affected by temperature and also by composition of food solids. Glass transition is one of the most important physicochemical characteristics of amorphous food solids. Glass transition perhaps is also the most important state transition responsible for processing, stability, and quality characteristics of food materials.[27] Rapid changes in the physical, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and other properties of amorphous food solids can be observed through the glass transition.[28] Cornacchia and Roos[29] indicated that sugar crystallization appeared above the glass transition temperature in protein-stabilized emulsions, which led to emulsion breakdown. Fitzpatrick et al.[30] stated that exposing milk powder to over 10–20°C above the lactose glass transition made milk powder more sticky, rendering it a lot more cohesive and also increased its adhesion to a stainless steel surface. Moreover, according to Huang,[31] the rheological properties of amorphous food polymers could change as large as 1000 times during the glass transition range. Labuza et al.[32] indicated that caking and crystallization of cotton candy, whole milk powder and soft cookies occurred in real time at or above the Tg values. Furthermore, Whorton[33] stated that the rates of deteriorative reactions and diffusion of flavor from amorphous matrix increase when an encapsulated matrix goes through the temperature from below Tg to above Tg.