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Smart Coatings
Published in Vaibhav Sanjay Kathavate, Pravin Pralhad Deshpande, Smart Coatings, 2023
Vaibhav Sanjay Kathavate, Pravin Pralhad Deshpande
Ceramics are nonmetallic inorganic material processed at high temperatures. It possesses high hardness and strength, low ductility. Any ceramic could be comprised of both metal and nonmetal. However, the end product is nonmetallic in nature. An advent in ceramic engineering opened up new pathways to synthesize ceramics at micro- and nanoscale, thereby producing the ceramics/ceramet coatings or thin films. A nanoceramic is a material capable of producing these coatings in thin film form. Nanoceramic coatings are promising candidates, especially against high wear and temperature. Interestingly, the dielectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, ferromagnetic, and electromagnetic effects can be introduced in the coatings made of hard nanoceramics and are advantageous in coupled loading environments. The main difference between nanocomposite and nanoceramic is that nanoceramic is the sub-component of the nanocomposite. A nanocomposite comprises a nanoceramic- and nanopolymer-embedded metallic matrix, while nanoceramic is only a repeated geometry of metal and nonmetal atoms with a periodic arrangement [2]. An interesting feature of these nanoceramic coatings, which makes them suitable for bioimplant materials, is their high corrosion resistance even in the aggressive environment (ceramics being nonmetallic, generally do not corrode).
Ceramic Membrane Processes
Published in Chandan Das, Sujoy Bose, Advanced Ceramic Membranes and Applications, 2017
In the fourteenth century, ceramic was mainly known as an art and used widely for interior home decorations (pottery, tableware, and cookware) and still is [1]. Any details of ceramic processing and manufacturing were difficult to understand as researchers showed no interest. But, from the nineteenth century on, the scenario has completely changed. Researchers have started showing interest in ceramic material in the field of novel separations due to its high thermal resistivity, excellent mechanical and chemical stability, and, most importantly, high permeability and selectivity as performance parameters. Ceramics now include domestic, industrial, and building products, as well as a wide range of ceramic art and are in a strong position to compete with polymeric membranes. From the twentieth century, new ceramic materials have been developed for use in advanced ceramic engineering, such as structural ceramics, electrical and electronic ceramics, ceramic coating and chemical processing, and environmental ceramics [2].
Acute exposure to sulfur dioxide and mortality: Historical data from Yokkaichi, Japan
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2019
Takashi Yorifuji, Saori Kashima, Made Ayu Hitapretiwi Suryadhi, Kawuli Abudureyimu
After Yokkaichi was devastated during the second world war, the spinning and ceramic engineering were the city's main industries. In 1957, a large petrochemical complex was constructed in the eastern part of the city, along the coastline (Figure 1).3 The city was soon known as the ‘City of Petroleum’, and produced nearly a quarter of the petrochemical products in Japan at the time.5 The crude oil used in the complex had a high sulfur content (more than 3%), which induced SO2 pollution. SO2 emissions from the complex exceeded 100,000 tons per year.4 As the complex was located close to the local community, residents living in the vicinity of the complex began to experience respiratory symptoms after the operation. As a result of successful lawsuits by local residents, area-wide controls on total SO2 emissions were implemented in 1972, which led to a gradual reduction in the concentration of SO2 in the area (Figure 2). The current annual SO2 concentration in the Yokkaichi city is below 2 parts per billion (ppb).13
Numerical modeling of bioconvection and heat transfer analysis of Prandtl nanofluid in an inclined stretching sheet: A finite difference scheme
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2023
Many fields, such as ceramic engineering, industrial filtration, petroleum technology, groundwater hydrology, and power metallurgy, depend essentially on viscous flow through and past a porous medium. The conventional Darcy model, which encompasses inertia and boundary characteristics, is extended in the non-Darcian model. When boundary and inertia characteristics are taken into consideration at high flow rates, the conventional Darcy’s law is insufficient. Forchheimer in 1901 [1] uses a factor of square velocity in Darcian velocity to analyze the boundary and inertia characteristics. When Reynolds numbers are high, this factor is always applied. Later, this component was referred to as a Forchheimer termed by Muskat [2]. Nakayamma [3] introduced the fluid flow and heat transmission by adopting the Darcy–Forchheimer model and he analyzed that, an upsurge in the inertia variable causes an enhancement in fluid temperature, whereas its effect causes an intensification in temperature profiles close to the boundary. Seddeek [4] looked into the implications on Darcy–Forchheimer fluid flow by taking joule heating, viscous dissipation into consideration and they demonstrated that the thermal relaxation parameter and Prandtl number are inversely related to the temperature field. Ganesh et al. [5] investigated the Forchheimer flow of a nanofluid over a stretching sheet with first- and second-order slips. Recently, the Darcy-Forchhimer flow was simulated by Raju et al. [6] and Kumar et al. [7] using various geometries. Shaheen et al. [8] conducted a case study on the motion of a Williamson fluid through a ciliated porous channel.
A review on synthesis and applications of versatile nanomaterials
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
G. N. Kokila, C. Mallikarjunaswamy, V. Lakshmi Ranganatha
The sol–gel synthesis method is one of the bottom–up techniques for the synthesis of valuable nanoparticles production. The sol–gel process is a wet-chemical technique in which colloidal suspension is converted into a diphasic system called gel by gelation. This method is commonly used in material science and ceramic engineering. It is a cost-effective and low-temperature procedure for synthesizing nanoparticles with high flexibility to get the required composition, size, shape, format, and functionalities. Complex metal oxides, temperature-sensitive organic–inorganic hybrid materials, and thermodynamically unfavorable or metastable materials are commonly synthesized using this method.[80]