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Biomass-Derived Carbonaceous Materials: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Applications
Published in Swamini Chopra, Kavita Pande, Vincent Shantha Kumar, Jitendra A. Sharma, Novel Applications of Carbon Based Nano-Materials, 2023
Kezia Sasitharan, Anitha Varghese
Quantum dots are multicolor emissive materials with unique size-dependent optoelectronic properties. Carbon quantum dots are gaining attention because of their non-toxicity and bio-compatibility. There has been a steady rise in their application as photocatalytic materials for dye degradation, photochemical water splitting and solar fuel generation. The specific properties of interest include high solubility, stability, photobleaching resistance and routes for functionalization. Biomass-derived quantum dots BCDs are particularly interesting because of their low cost. The various techniques that have been used for BCD preparation from biomass include HTC and microwave treatments.
Antiviral Nanomaterials in Therapeutic Interventions
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Karan Chaudhary, Dhanraj T. Masram
Łoczechin et al. (2019) prepared different carbon quantum dots and explored their antiviral activity against human coronavirus HCoV-229E. Ethylenediamine/citric acid were used as carbon precursors and were hydrothermally carbonized for the synthesis of first generation of carbon quantum dots. This first generation of carbon quantum dots was further modified with boronic acid ligands, and nanostructures obtained had concentration dependent antiviral activity. As estimated, EC50 for these nanostructures were 52 ± 8 μg mL–1. Whereas, second-generation carbon quantum dots as antiviral nanomaterial were prepared from 4-aminophenylboronic acid without postmodification. These second-generation carbon quantum dots had even lowered EC50 value of 5.2 ± 0.7 μg mL–1. Inhibition of the virus entry was the mechanism for the antiviral activity of these carbon quantum dots, which is due to the interaction of a virus-entry receptor with the functional groups of carbon quantum dots. The results also showed that carbon quantum dots had interference with the viral replication step (Łoczechin et al. 2019).
Recent Development in Industrial Scale Fabrication of Nanoparticles and Their Applications
Published in Uma Shanker, Manviri Rani, Liquid and Crystal Nanomaterials for Water Pollutants Remediation, 2022
Sandeep Kumar, Bandna Bharti, Xiaoxiong Zha, Feng Ouyang, Peng Ren
In many imaging applications, carbon-based materials have long been studied. These nanomaterials are used in various imaging applications based on research, diagnosis, medical or treatment of diseases. Different techniques include fluorescence imaging (FL), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Raman imaging, tomography (CT), two-photon FL, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), computed tomography with positron emission/computed tomography with single-photon emission (PET/SPECT) and multimodal imaging. In its bioimaging applications, carbon-based nanomaterial, such as carbon quantum dots (CQDs), has recently attracted considerable interest. CQDs have been extensively studied for their fluorescent properties since the initial study in 2006. CQDs have size-dependent tunable emission, similar to conventional QDs, which makes them a good imaging material. Moreover, the dangerous toxicity of typical QDs because of consisting of heavy metals, such as cadmium is also overcome by using CQDs (Ghosal and Sarkar 2018). Therefore, its uses for biological marking and bio-imaging in both human and animal cells have been thoroughly studied. In case drug and gene delivery, some research studies have shown that CNTs can act as great drugs carrier because they can make a bond with DNA and can then be inserted into a cell successfully (Stando et al. 2019, Kokarneswaran et al. 2020).
Research progress of green scale inhibitors: a mini review
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2022
Jianqi Xu, Guolin Jing, Tie Liu, Yang Liu, Liang Yanheng, Yihai Yang
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have smaller particle size, well biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Hao et al. (2019) has synthesized a new green scale inhibitor, carboxyl carbon quantum dots (CCQDs), by the simple method of citric acid thermal decomposition. The as-prepared CCQDs have scale inhibition performance for CaSO4 and BaSO4.When CCQDs are dissolved in water, negatively charged carboxyl anions chelate with Ca2+, which increased the solubility of inorganic salt and hampered the normal growth of the inorganic salt crystal. Meanwhile, the CCQDs were adsorbed on the microcrystal of inorganic salt, which increased the repulsion between particles, hindered their coalescence, and kept them in a good dispersion state so as to prevent or reduce the formation of scale (Figure 5). However, CCQDS requires more doses to achieve good scale inhibition performance in the heat.
Microwave-assisted fabrication of CQDs/ZnIn2S4 nanocomposites for synergistic photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI) and rhodamine B
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2021
Yan-Hong Gao, Xiao-Hui Ji, Dan Zhang, Zhi-Feng Liu, Jiu-Fu Lu
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a relatively new class of low cost carbon nanomaterial which has attracted recent interest for applications in sensing, light emitting devices and bioimaging, due to their water solubility, biocompatibility, and stable photoluminescence properties.[21–25] In particular, CQDs has already been used as an efficacious co-catalyst for photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation and hydrogen generation over a string of semiconductors like TiO2, g-C3N4 and a molecular Ni catalyst.[26–28] In this manuscript, we reported the successful sedimentation of CQDs on hexagonal ZnIn2S4 via microwave-assisted heating for the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) under visible light irradiation. In the meantime, CQDs/ZnIn2S4 nanocomposites could also show a difunctional photocatalyst for the treatment of different types of water pollutants (the mixed of dyes and Cr(VI)). The mechanism for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and degradation of dye (RhB) solutions over CQDs/ZnIn2S4 nanocomposites was also proposed.
Facile and one-step preparation carbon quantum dots from biomass residue and their applications as efficient surfactants
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2019
Ruibo Ren, Zeyu Zhang, Pinhui Zhao, Jingtao Shi, Kechao Han, Ziqiao Yang, Dongxing Gao, Fei Bi
Recently, Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) have attracted much interest due their advantages including unique structures, excellent performance and potential broad ranging applications.[1–4] CQDs show more favorable biocompatibility, lower toxicity and inducing less cell damage compared to semiconductor quantum dots. Compared with organic biological dyes, CQDs have greater stability and photo-bleaching resistance. CQDs are therefore usually used as ideal fluorescent probes for biological applications.[5–7] Moreover, CQDs with customized surface properties are able to control the interfacial property of two immiscible polymers and fluids. They can also be employed as an effective nano-sized surfactant to produce materials with novel structures such as bi-continuous solar cells, films of catalyst carriers, photonic band-gap materials and particles with asymmetrical structures.[8]