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Pd, 46]
Published in Alina Kabata-Pendias, Barbara Szteke, Trace Elements in Abiotic and Biotic Environments, 2015
Alina Kabata-Pendias, Barbara Szteke
Palladium has various oxidation states, from +1 to +4, and most often it is +2. It exhibits relatively strong chalcophilic character and chemical reactivity, and thus, it forms more mineral compounds than other PGMs. Its better-known minerals are as follows: potarite, PdHg; arsenopalladinite, Pd3As; stibiopalladinite, Pd3Sb; cooperite, (Pt,Pd)S; and braggite, (Pt,Pd,Ni)S. It may be associated with several sulfide minerals, at the approximate concentration from 0.7 to 10 mg/kg, and may also be accumulated in ilmenite, zircon, and chromite.
Review of Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Copper Leach Residues and Other Resources
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2018
M. Sadegh Safarzadeh, Mark Horton, Adrian D. Van Rythoven
This PGM-metalloid mineralization associated with Cu-Fe sulfides of porphyry deposits contrasts with the typical PGM-mineralization seen in conventional orthomagmatic Ni-Cu-PGM deposits. In the latter, PGMs occur substitionally in nominally PGM-free sulfide minerals such as pentlandite, as discrete sulfide (and lesser arsenide phases, e.g., braggite, cooperite, laurite), or as native alloys all in association with Ni-Cu-Fe sulfide and/or chromite assemblages (Junge et al., 2015). However, in some portions of these conventional deposits, later hydrothermal/metasomatic activity has altered the primary sulfide-dominant PGM mineral assemblages to ones where PGM-metalloid minerals are more common (Penberthy and Merkle, 2004); drawing some similarities to the porphyry deposits. Furthermore, the gangue mineralogy of the orthomagmatic deposits is mafic (olivine, pyroxene, chromite), whereas porphyry deposits have a stronger felsic-potassic component (quartz, K-feldspar, biotite).