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Whiteware and Glazes
Published in Debasish Sarkar, Ceramic Processing, 2019
On the contrary, bone china bodies with their distinct translucency have a different composition with an appreciable amount of bone ash. Bone ash is a raw material typically consisting of tricalcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] and small impurities. The composition of bone china bodies varies with china clay ~25%–30%, bone ash ~35%–45%, and feldspar ~25%–30%. Bisque firing of bone china bodies is generally performed at ~1225°C–1300°C. Since bone china bodies suffer from high shrinkage, extra precaution must be taken during the drying and firing cycles. Bone ash that contains P2O5 has a highly fluxing nature, increasing the fluidity of the melt and providing a short firing range.
Case Studies
Published in Caroline O’Donnell, Dillon Pranger, The Architecture of Waste, 2020
Caroline O’Donnell, Dillon Pranger
Serving as the structural system for the body when it is alive, the manufacturing of posthumous human bones into load-bearing architectural elements is fitting. In fact, ash from animal bones has long been used as an ingredient in ceramics, specifically, and as the name suggests, in fine bone china, which is composed of nearly 50% animal bone ash.4 It is, in fact, the bone ash that gives these ceramics their distinctive translucent characteristic.
Defects, diffusion and dopants in the ceramic mineral “Lime- Feldspar”
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2021
Sivanujan Suthaharan, Poobalasuntharam Iyngaran, Navaratnarajah Kuganathan, Alexander Chroneos
Anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), also termed lime-feldspar, is a naturally occurring rock-forming mineral found in many countries including Italy, Japan, USA, India and Srilanka [1–3]. It is a potential ceramic material in the industrial preparation of heat exchangers, feldspar glasses, electronic substrates and materials required for biomedicine [4–7]. As its crystalline phase, it can improve the translucent property of bone china, there is an increasing attention to prepare anorthite-based porcelain to make tableware with high heat stability [8]. Furthermore, calcium-bearing minerals are of interest in the development of electrode materials for rechargeable Ca-ion batteries [9]. Though CaAl2Si2O8 was not studied for this purpose yet, theoretical investigation on other Ca-based minerals is available [10–12].
Influence of ceramic waste on the fresh properties and compressive strength of concrete
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2019
Salman Siddique, Sandeep Shrivastava, Sandeep Chaudhary
X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed using the Panalytical X’pert PRO powder diffractometer (Type-11141934). A representative XRD spectrum of bone china ceramic is presented in Figure 2. In the XRD analysis, a 5-g sample of the bone china ceramic aggregate was used to determine the crystalline phases, and measurements were obtained at the 2θ of 5°–90°. The crystalline phases of tricalcium phosphate (T) and anorthite (A) were observed with small amounts of quartz (Q), aluminosilicate (AS) and phosphorus oxide (P). The overlapping of tricalcium phosphate and anorthite suggests a similarity in their crystal lattice spacing. XRD results indicate that the bone china ceramic aggregate has a high crystalline phase content with the slight presence of the glassy phase.