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Chemical property and characteristics of polymer
Published in S. Thirumalai Kumaran, Tae Jo Ko, S. Suresh Kumar, Temel Varol, Materials for Lightweight Constructions, 2023
A. Sofi, Joshua Jeffrey, Abhimanyu Singh Rathor
Acrylic fibers are classified as fibers that contain at least 85% acrylonitrile (AN) by weight. West Germany recently produced a unique acrylic fiber with long polymer chains made from a high-performance polyacrylonitrile raw material. The fiber’s tensile strength and elastic modulus, respectively, can reach 900–1000 MPa and 17–19.5 GPa. The acrylic fibers have high tensile strength and elastic modulus, as well as superior acid and alkali resistance and a low cost. These fibers can improve the toughness of mortar and concrete, as well as minimize fissure formation and microcracks. Fiber-matrix adhesion would most likely be improved by uniform hydrolysis of the fiber. However, excessive hydrolysis would degrade the fibers’ mechanical characteristics, preventing their application [27]. According to the ring test reported by Hahne et al., adding 2.5% acrylic fiber to reinforced concrete reduces shrinkage cracking caused by setting and hardening.
Dyes
Published in Pankaj Chowdhary, Abhay Raj, Contaminants and Clean Technologies, 2020
Disperse dyes are nonionic, water-insoluble dyes and are used for applying on hydrophobic fibers from an aqueous dispersion. These dyes are mainly used in coloring polyester and minimally used in coloring nylon, cellulose, cellulose acetate, and acrylic fibers.
Monomers, Polymers, and Plastics
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
Acrylic fibers are characterized by having properties similar to wool and have replaced wool in many markets such as blankets, carpets, and sweaters. Important properties of acrylics are resistance to solvents and sunlight, resistance to creasing, and quick drying.
Recent advance in enhanced adsorption of ionic dyes from aqueous solution: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Amphoteric adsorption has great practical significance. Cationic and anionic dyes are usually mixed in a certain ratio for the dyeing process (Zhou et al., 2018). For example, in the process of textile printing and dyeing, acrylic fibers are mainly dyed with cationic dyes, while protein fibers (wool, cashmere, rabbit hair, and silk) mainly rely on anionic dyes coloring (Li, An, et al., 2022). The wool-acrylic blended fabric is a kind of common fabric in daily life, and their dyeing needs to go through anionic dye dyeing followed by cationic dye dyeing (Ozturk et al., 2015). In recent years, researchers have developed a large number of amphoteric functionalized adsorbents based on the principle of electrostatic interaction. As shown in Figure 3, the electronegative and electropositive groups can regulate the selective adsorption of ionic dyes.
Optimization of air jet texturing parameters for acrylic filament yarns
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Acrylic fiber, due to its highly polar structure and strong intermolecular forces, is extremely resistant to UV light and hence is a favorable material for outdoor applications such as awning, furniture, marine (Bunsell, 2009). Although history of acrylic filament yarn production may date back to 1950s, strong constraints such as poor dyeability, high production cost and lack of demand in knitting industry related to price competition with substitute fibers have obstructed its widespread commercialization (Masson, 1995; Yokomura, 2009). Researchers have developed three main fiber spinning methods to produce acrylic filament yarn as wet spinning, dry spinning and air-gap spinning in order to obtain relatively higher tenacity, more lustrous appearance and balanced longitudinal and lateral properties (Lohwasser, 1979; Nakayama, 1968; Ucci, 1963). Most recent invention is a method to produce dope dyed acrylic filament yarn which can be considered a compatible raw material for outdoor applications thanks to great color retention under exposure to sunlight and heat, relatively higher tenacity compared to spun acrylic yarn and considerably better abrasion resistance (Degirmenci, 2019).
Dye adsorption and intensity in bobbin crusade in dyeing mixed acrylic and cotton yarn
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Catia Rosana Lange de Aguiar, Antonio Augusto Ulson de Souza, Selene Maria Arruda Guelli Ulson de Souza
Synthetic colorants may be classified as acid dyes, anionic, non-ionic basic dyes and disperse dyes. Among them, basic dyes have high brightness and color intensity and are highly visible, even at a very low concentration. For the dyeing of acrylic fibers, which are synthetic fibers, the dye is used basic (Bayramoglu & Arica, 2012).