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Application of POU/POE Devices
Published in Benjamin W. Lykins, Robert M. Clark, James A. Goodrich, Point-of-use/Point-of-entry for Drinking Water Treatment, 2018
Benjamin W. Lykins, Robert M. Clark, James A. Goodrich
Traditionally, the bottled water dispenser or cooler, supplying room temperature or hot/chilled water, can be found in almost every type of business or large commercial facility. It should also be noted that many offices simply have bubbler type drinking fountains for their employees. These are usually planned in the original construction of the building and are the least expensive means of providing drinking water. These can rarely be converted over to an alternate system incorporating water purification.
A comprehensive model considering multiple types of occupant behavior for building energy performance prediction and simulation – taking a university campus as an example
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2023
Yan Ding, Wanyue Chen, Zhiyao Wang, Shian Maun Nicole Kueh, Shen Wei, Fan Yang
When the statistical and fitting analyses of operation probability are compared, two main differences between the types of time-related equipment can be seen. The first one is that for the dormitory building, the probability of water dispenser use is highest when the time interval is only 1 h, while the usage probability for the air purifier is highest until the time interval reaches 5 h. The second difference is seen in the trend of the change in operation probability with time interval between the types of equipment. For example, the interval between two usage times for the water dispenser is short in either the lecture building or the office building, and the using behavior will not happen if the time interval is too long. However, in the office building, the probability that the printer will be used remains close to 10%, even 12 h after the last time usage. The different types of equipment exhibit different changes in usage probability with the increase in time interval. These differences are mainly due to the characteristics and performance of the equipment itself. It is necessary to drink water frequently; thus, the usage probability of the water dispenser is higher, and the usage time interval shorter, than for other equipment. However, for some nonessential types of equipment such as the air purifier and printer, the usage probability is obviously lower, and the usage time interval can be either short or long.
Design of customised products and manufacturing networks: towards frugal innovation
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2018
In order for the OEM to extract meaningful information from the application, it is also important to connect the requirements of each customer with their profile. Thus, at the opening of the application, the customer is required to provide some personal information, including country, gender, age and family size, to distinguish the source of the provided information. Adding to that, the end user is provided with the option to select from a range of roles, such as customer, country or regional manager; information that can be used to assign different weights to certain selections (Figure 2). After that, the customer enters the AR application, where the customised product is visualised. The customer may select from one of the available core products, usually reflecting different categories of the core product (eg top-freezer or bottom-freezer refrigerators). Then, he may customise product modules, according to desired additional functionalities (eg water dispenser) and personal taste (eg colour and material). Product functionalities’ animations are also integrated, so as to increase the realism of the product visualisation. Once the desired product has been created, the customer may store it for future use and send the data back to the manufacturer.
User satisfaction-based genetic algorithm for load shifting in smart grid
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2023
Abderezak Touzene, Manar Al Moqbali
As the tariffs or prices are variable per slots, let us denote by cs the price offered by the electricity company for time slot s. Let tij be the task of consumer i for device j. We assume that the consumer i has j types of devices where j ≤ 14. An example of devices j type is coffee maker, washing machine, kettle, dryer, air conditioner, oven, fan, lights, water dispenser and iron. Therefore, an example of a task t32 consists of the consumer 3 using hisher device type 2 (washing machine). Each task tij is parameterized by the following parameters tij (fij, dij, pj): fij is the forecasted starting slot of the task tij for consumer i and device his/her device j.dij is the tolerated delay of the task tij for consumer i using device j related to the forecasted time slots. This delay parameter is part of the SLA between the consumer and the electricity company.pj is the device phases for the device j. As an example, consider two devices a coffee maker and a washing machine. The coffee maker typically takes one-time slot, while the washing machine may need two or three time slots to finish the task.