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Using Grants and Contracts to Export a Service
Published in Sarita D. Jackson, International Trade in Services, 2021
Some of these projects have been developed by the funding agencies to help countries to meet their requirements under the international trade policy framework set by the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA). The TFA took effect on February 22, 2017, and consists of three sections designed to 1) expedite “the movement, release, and clearance of goods in transit”; 2) offer developing and least-developed countries (LDCs) the option to decide when they will implement individual provisions within the TFA upon receiving technical assistance; and 3) creating a permanent WTO-level trade facilitation committee while requiring member countries to maintain a national committee to assist with TFA implementation (“The Trade Facilitation Agreement: An overview”). So far, 153 of the 164 WTO members have accepted the Agreement. Some of the ratifying members include countries from the Caribbean region, which is where most of Ms. Ewart’s consulting projects for government entities take place.
Promoting exports by the ASEAN SMEs
Published in Shigeru Thomas Otsubo, Christian Samen Otchia, Designing Integrated Industrial Policies Volume I, 2020
Utumporn Jitsutthiphakorn, Shigeru Thomas Otsubo
As Grainger (2008) has summarized, the coverage of trade facilitation according to the UN/CEFACT and UNCTAD (2002), trade facilitation covers trade procedures, customs, regulatory bodies, provisions of official control procedures that are applicable to import, export, and transit operations. Suitable trade facilitation measures are conducive to SMEs’ engagement in international trade. In addition, Macasaquit Reyes (2009) studied the impact of trade facilitation on SMEs in the Philippines, the evidence shows that SMEs who are direct exporter types would get the benefit from trade facilitation measures since, in the Philippines, the cost of trade facilitation remains high and SMEs have smaller assets and operational capabilities compared to larger firms. Furthermore, trade procedures and costly requirements often prohibit SMEs from actively pursuing international trade.
Modeling determinants of competitiveness: a case of textile sector of Pakistan
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Ammarah Akhuand, Shujaat Abbas
One of the major problems with the domestic manufacturing sector of Pakistan is domestic productivity and cost constraints. Oil is one of the most important inputs; therefore, oil price volatility directly influences cost competitiveness and international trade (Akman & Bozkurt, 2016; Backus & Crucini, 2000; Chen & Hsu, 2012). Similarly, trade facilitation, which can be defined as the movement of goods and services between sellers and buyers through infrastructure development is considered crucial for reducing transportation costs and enhancing trade activities (Ahmad et al., 2015; Limao & Venables, 2001; Nordås & Piermartini, 2004; Rehman et al., 2020). The international payments of trade occur through financial sectors, and therefore, its development plays an important comparative advantage over competing nations (Beck, 2002; Fang et al., 2015). The empirical literature is also replete with the studies that are reporting the significant positive impact of financial development (FD) on international trade and revealed comparative advantage (Coban, 2015; Fanelli, 2007; Hanif & Jafri, 2008).
Modelling container ship transport flow: an application to alternative sea routes between Northeast Asia and Northwest Europe
Published in Maritime Policy & Management, 2023
Cho (2014) pointed out that logistics aspects such as port freight, facilities, hinterland access, port productivity, sufficient capability, and container port development represent internal determinants to increase container traffic volumes in previous studies. According to Lun, Carlton, and Bichou (2016), high-quality trade and transport infrastructures can provide logistics services that enhance the efficiency of trade-related activities. Their study found that the existence of effective trade facilitation lowers trade costs. Hence, improving infrastructure for trade facilitation measures increases imports and boosts exports through better access and greater participation in global and regional value chains (Portugal-Perez and Wilson 2012).