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Optical Fibers and Accessories
Published in Daniel Malacara-Hernández, Brian J. Thompson, Advanced Optical Instruments and Techniques, 2017
Splices are permanent connections between fibers. Splices are used in two situations: mid-span splices, which connect two lengths of cable; and pigtails, at the ends of a main cable, when rerouting of optical paths is not required or expected. Splices offer lower attenuation, easier installation, lower back reflection, and greater physical strength than connectors, and they are generally less expensive. In addition, splices can fit inside cable, offer a better hermetic seal, and allow either individual or mass splicing. There are two basic categories of splices: fusion splices and mechanical splices.
Inductive loop installation and loop system sensitivity
Published in Lawrence A. Klein, ITS Sensors and Architectures for Traffic Management and Connected Vehicles, 2017
Another critical step in the loop installation process is splicing the loop lead-in wire to the lead-in cable that connects to the electronics unit in the controller cabinet. This splice, located in the pull box, should be the only splice in the loop system. The splice is frequently the cause of inductive loop detector system failure. However, if proper splicing procedures are used, the splice should not pose a problem. There are two steps to creating a splice: the physical connection of the wires and the environmental sealing of the connection.
Mechanical Design: Underground
Published in Anthony J. Pansini, Electrical Distribution Engineering, 2020
Splices or joints in cables with nonplastic insulation and with metallic sheaths are much more complex and require greater time and skill to make than those in plastic-type cables. Such a splice is shown in Figure 6-7. Cables with plastic insulation and plastic sheaths are simpler and quicker to splice as, generally, the splice consists of a wrapping of tape of the same material over the connectors, crimped on the two conductors being spliced. The plastic tape eventually solidifies into a homogeneous mass integral with the insulation or sheath.
Reliability assessment of guyed transmission towers through active learning metamodeling and progressive collapse simulation
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2022
Gabriel Padilha Alves, Leandro F. Fadel Miguel, Rafael Holdorf Lopez, André T. Beck
Two distinct connections are modeled through nonlinear springs to represent the bolt slippage effect. The Lap-splices are used in the leg members, where indicated at the tower drawing detailing. At the same time, the single splices are introduced between diagonals and main members, diagonals and horizontal members, and horizontal and main members. The connection force-displacement relationships are determined based on Ungkurapinan, Chandrakeerthy, Rajapakse, and Yue (2003). Additional details of the bolt-slippage modeling employed herein can be found in (de Souza et al., 2019, de Souza, Miguel, Kaminski, Lopez, & Torii, 2020; 2021), whereas its full-scale experimental validation is found in (de Souza, 2020; Roman, 2019). The numerical solutions are implemented through an in-house Matlab code.