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Reverse Supply Chain Management
Published in Ifeyinwa Juliet Orji, Frank Ojadi, The Circular Supply Chain, 2023
Ifeyinwa Juliet Orji, Frank Ojadi
The traditional business practices of landfilling products after their useful life are not considered sustainable anymore due to two reasons. Firstly, such practices increase the depletion of natural resources and thereby increase the cost of extracting more raw materials to fulfill consumers' demand. Secondly, such practices destroy the natural ecosystem through soil, water and air contamination. Hence, worldwide business legislations are beginning to force firms to identify ways of minimizing resource consumption and waste generation. For example, the extended producer responsibility (EPR) can extend the responsibilities of manufacturers to the post-consumer stage of the lifecycle of the products. Likewise, the EPR mandated recycling, minimum recycled content standards, energy efficiency standards, disposal bans and restrictions. Advance recycling fee (ARF), advance disposal fee (ADF), virgin material taxes/subsidies and deposit/refund schemes are some of the relevant laws which push manufacturers toward industrial sustainability and reducing solid waste generation. There is an existing solution to both of the above-mentioned problems in the form of recovery-and-reuse policy that reduce both natural resource consumption and solid waste generation. The recovery-and-reuse policy is based on 6Rs that reduce, reuse, recycle, redesign, remanufacture and refurbish. Remanufacturing involves the recovery of used products so as to convert such products into useful products and is regarded as a profitable approach of minimizing natural resource depletion and waste generation.
Manufacturing, Remanufacturing, and Surface Repairing of Various Machine Tool Components Using Laser-Assisted Directed Energy Deposition
Published in Wasim Ahmed Khan, Ghulam Abbas, Khalid Rahman, Ghulam Hussain, Cedric Aimal Edwin, Functional Reverse Engineering of Machine Tools, 2019
Muhammad Iqbal, Asif Iqbal, Malik M. Nauman, Quentin Cheok, Emeroylariffion Abas
Sustainable manufacturing is unquestionably of great importance toward achieving economic and environmental targets and to renew a product life cycle. Repair and remanufacturing of damaged machine tools using laser cladding technology can save considerable amount of material, energy, time, and it costs only a fraction of newly manufacturing a tool [41]. Remanufacturing a unit reduces the cost more than 50% that of new one in terms of labor work, raw material, and energy dissipation. Sustainable engineering design and manufacturing ensures efficient resource consumption in the form of recycling and reuse with minimal adverse environmental impact. Machine tool’s life cycle has been changed from one cycle to multiple service life cycles with the advent of increasing awareness about environmental load through material recovery. By remanufacturing, used products and assemblies can be brought into their new working state with minimum waste production, expenditure, and loss of material. It is basically a full new life cycle for a product to be remanufactured with more or less extension in its service life. During the process, parts are cleaned, examined, and any damaged or missing part is replaced, reconditioned, or rectified by finishing and machining process. Various machine tools can be reused by cleaning, replacing, and dismantling products if not worn out and repaired in timely manner contributing to material recovery [42]. In automobile parts, such as engine block, head, gears, shafts, connecting rods, bearing, and piston, remanufacturing is very common and accounts for almost two-third of the total remanufacturing process. Consumers are well aware of the fact that by remanufacturing most of the automobile parts like rods, engines, alternators, starters, and CV joints can be replaced.
A Bi-objective two-stage stochastic optimization model for sustainable reverse supply chain network design under carbon tax policy and government subsidy considering product quality
Published in Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 2023
Mohammadreza Eslamipirharati, Fariborz Jolai, Amir Aghsami
Also, with increasing attention to the concept of sustainability, regulations are established by governments to reduce energy and resource consumption, and a popular method to encourage industries to implement these regulations, is paying incentives to them. Moreover, studies show that paying government subsidies as an incentive to industries is a more effective method than punitive methods such as claiming taxes [37]. Hassanpour et al. [38] designed a two-stage closed-loop SC model in which incentives are paid by the government based on the quality of returned goods. Yu and Solvang [39] optimized a stochastic model for the design of a reverse logistics network, considering the uncertainty in the price of remanufactured products and the amount of carbon production in the RSC, as well as the subsidy for collecting the end-of-life products and returning them by the RSC.
Improved model and efficient method for bi-objective closed-loop food supply chain problem with returnable transport items
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2022
Yipei Zhang, Ada Che, Feng Chu
In this era, due to the pressure from tightened environmental laws and resource scarcity, organisations are seeking to build a more environmentally friendly supply chain (Silva et al. 2013). One of the effective ways to realize this is to convert the current traditional/forward supply chain into a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) by introducing into reverse logistics (Glock, Jaber, and Searcy 2012; Santos et al. 2013). Unlike the traditional supply chain that only involves forward flows, CLSC also takes the responsibility of return items in the opposite direction for reusing, recycling or remanufacturing (Guide and Van Wassenhove 2009). Accordingly, resource consumption, waste generation, and the cost of producing new products can be reduced. Due to its economically and environmentally sustainable features, CLSC has aroused growing interests from both researchers and practitioners (Jindal and Sangwan 2014).
Effects of green supply chain integration and green innovation on environmental and cost performance
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2020
Chee Yew Wong, Christina W.Y. Wong, Sakun Boon-itt
Thus, new theories are required to distinguish the different ways in which green products and green process innovations create performance. Existing literature regards the benefits of green product innovation highly (Chen, Lai, and Wen 2006; Huang and Li 2017), but our findings suggest otherwise. Here, we suggest that the literature consider the following distinctions. Green product innovation concerns product design, quality and reliability with respect to environmental issues (Chang 2011), while green process innovation concerns innovation in operations, sourcing and logistics processes to reduce resource consumption and emissions. Improvement in the design, quality and reliability of a product involves new technology and significant investment. However, reducing resource consumption through green process innovation also reduces the use of energy and materials (Klassen and McLaughlin 1996). Green product innovation can be costly (Zhu, Sarkis, and Geng 2005). Thus, it may be more difficult to save costs through green product design compared to green process innovation.