China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Health and Environmental Information and Models
Published in Winston Chow, Katherine K. Connor, Peter Mueller, Ronald Wyzga, Donald Porcella, Leonard Levin, Ramsay Chang, Managing Hazardous Air Pollutants, 2020
Donald B. Porcella, Ronald E. Wyzga
Air pollution by potentially toxic emissions of pulp mills together with power plants became an object of attention of regulatory agencies and of ecology specialists. A necessity arose of elaborating scientifically based ecological norms for various chemical compounds (and their combinations) in steam and gas emissions (dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, organic sulfides, terpenes, and others). A long-term program of complex ecological investigations has been compiled, including (1) studies of transport, accumulation, and circulation of potential contaminants in the environment and (2) study of influence of pollutants on ecosystem structure. Investigations have been carried out within the area of an operating kraft pulp mill and power plant equipped with orderly discharge sources.
The supply-chain water footprint of paper
Published in Arjen Y. Hoekstra, The Water Footprint of Modern Consumer Society, 2019
The water footprint of a final paper product (expressed in litres/kg) is the sum of the water footprints in the forestry and the industrial stages. The first stage produces wood; the second stage processes wood into pulp and paper. A pulp mill converts wood chips or other plant fibre sources into a thick fibre board that can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing into final paper products. The blue water footprint in the industrial stage can be estimated by summing up the evaporation flows from the pulp and paper mills, the amount of water incorporated in the products delivered by the mills and the volume of water contained in solid residuals. The grey water footprint depends on the loads of different chemicals contained in the mill effluents discharged into the environment. If effluents are treated before disposal, the loads are measured after treatment. In the industrial stage there is no green water footprint. The water footprint during the forestry stage contains both a green and blue component. These green and blue water footprint components cannot easily be determined separately because trees use rainfall water and often tap from groundwater resources simultaneously. The grey water footprint component in wood production will generally be zero, assuming that no chemicals are applied in the plantations.
Other Industries
Published in Charles E. Baukal, Industrial Combustion Pollution and Control, 2003
Figure 17.5 shows pollution emissions from pulp and paper processes in the United States since 1970 [5]. The data show that CO emissions are the largest quantity of pollutants in this industry. The data also show that there has been a rise in emissions of VOCs since 1985. Other pollutants such as NOx, PM!0 and SOx have been relatively flat since 1985. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established emission guidelines for Kraft pulp mills [6]. The combustion portion of the Kraft process includes the recovery furnace and the lime kiln as part of the recovery process shown in Fig. 17.6 [7] and the bark boiler to treat solid wastes from the process.
Fractionation of polyphenols from thermomechanical pulp mill process water by flotation and membrane integrated process
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
M. Courbalay, M. Villain-Gambier, A. Klem, S. Dumarcay, D. Trebouet
The combination of membrane filtration is a promising technology to concentrate and purify phenolic compounds present in TMP process water. This technology was already used by Persson et al. [14,15] to concentrate galactoglucomannans (GGM) which are the main hemicelluloses in process water resulting from softwood TMP mill. Authors mentioned that membrane filtration is a suitable separation technique to use when molecules of interest are present in a low concentration. They announced that a 5 kDa hydrophilic polysulfone membrane had high hemicelluloses retention of 90% independent of flux and pressure for filtration of process water from a TMP pulp mill process water. Thuvander and Jönsson [16] obtained hemicelluloses purity around 70% in a 5 kDa retentate of TMP process water from spruce wood previously microfiltrated (mean pore size of 0.1 µm). Another advantage of membrane process is that chemicals are not required to perform the separation. However, the choice of membrane (material, cut off), operating conditions, number of filtration stages should be considered carefully to maximize permeate flux and phenolic compounds recovery and also limit the main drawback of membrane process: membrane fouling. Phenolic compounds were already concentrated thanks to membrane process for agro-industrial wastewater as OMW [17–19]. Lignin of black liquor from kraft pulp mill was already fractioned by membrane filtrations. Mänttäri et al. [20] removed 75% of lignin in the retentate of filtration done with a 1 kDa membrane made of polyethersulfone. But researches are still needed in the case of phenolic compounds fractionation from TMP process water.
Comparison of Ontario’s roundwood and recycled fibre pulp and paper mills’ performance using data Envelopment analysis
Published in Journal of Management Analytics, 2021
The overall performance of the Ontario’s pulp and paper mills may have been further impacted by the economic recession. Although Ontario’s pulp exports to the United States have significantly declined from their peak in 2000, the province still enjoys a healthy pulp trade surplus totalling CAD 381.9 million (AAC, 2015). The capacity utilisation in the pulp and paper industry in Ontario has rebounded significantly, after witnessing number of mill closures and conversions. For example, Tembec’s Marathon pulp mill closed in February 2009, Resolute Forest Products’ Fort Frances pulp and paper mill closed in 2014, and the Terrace Bay pulp mill converted from the production of paper grade to dissolving pulp (AAC, 2015). Furthermore, the Ontario’s pulp and paper industry is mandated to comply with the environmental regulations, especially due to the demand of its largest market, the US requiring a minimum of 40% recycled fibre content in the printing paper (PPPC, 2015). Among the many changes in the industry, there has been a growing tendency for several mills to turn using recycled fibre (McClay, 1991). In order to improve the operational efficiency of the pulp and paper mills in Ontario, and maintain the economic and employment benefits from this industry, the policy makers and industry stakeholders have to understand how their inputs are being utilised for continuous improvement. However, there is lack of academic literature and business practices that focus on exploring the performance of Ontario’s pulp and paper mills based on the use of inputs raw material (roundwood and/or recycled fibre). This research paper is intended to bridge the gap.
A mixed-integer programming model for an integrated production planning problem with preventive maintenance in the pulp and paper industry
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2023
Francisco N. Avilés, Renato Maynard Etchepare, Maichel M. Aguayo, Mario Valenzuela
The production planning problem with preventive maintenance addressed in this study is motivated by the collaboration with a Chilean company with a global presence that develops forest products with clients in more than 30 countries. The company has several pulp mills located in Chile. Specifically, the study focuses on the production planning of wood chips in one pulp mill that produces Kraft pulp. The production of wood chips combines different features such as heterogeneous production lines, setup times, maintenance times, demands for various wood species, inventory limits and the external supply of wood chips.