China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
In Silico Toxicology Approach for Environment Safety
Published in Pankaj Chowdhary, Abhay Raj, Contaminants and Clean Technologies, 2020
Anil Kumar Singh, Pankaj Chowdhary, Abhay Raj
Emission from paper mills refers to pollution induced by manufacturing, use, and recycling of paper. Pollution from paper mills causes severe negative impacts on air, water, and soil. Paper industries emit enormous quantities of pollutants during the different stages of paper production. As in the other steps of the papermaking process, sludge production during deinking also contributes to environmental pollution. The use of paper and paper products is so extensive that it has very significant effects on environmental pollution. Strong initiatives are therefore taken to ensure the safety of the environment during processing, use, recycling, and disposal of this bulk material.
Performance of modified anaerobic inclining-baffled reactor treating recycled paper mill effluent: effects of influent chemical oxygen demand concentration and hydraulic retention time
Published in Environmental Technology, 2018
Haider M. Zwain, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Irvan Dahlan
Recycled paper mills utilize huge amounts of waste materials and produce large volumes of wastewater. Paper mills are usually located near rivers from which freshwater is abstracted for their operation processes [1]. About 20 m3 of freshwater is required for each ton of produced recycled paper, and 18 m3 of effluent will be discharged. The effluent characteristics can be highly varied depending on the manufacturing operations, and their mechanical and chemical refinements. Generally, recycled paper mill effluent (RPME) has a neutral pH value and high biological and chemical oxygen demands (BOD and COD) [2].
Chemical oxygen demand and tannin/lignin removal from paper mill wastewater by electrocoagulation combined with peroxide and hypochlorite treatments
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Abdulkadir Caglak, Hanife Sari-Erkan, Guleda Onkal Engin
The paper mill industry uses lignocellulosic materials such as wood and/or recycled paper as raw materials to produce cardboard, paper, and other cellulose-based products. In this industry, a high volume of wastewater is generated between 75 and 275 m3 (20–25 m3 from pulping process and 80–100 m3 from the bleaching process) per ton of product during production stages depending on the raw material, applied process and final product [1–3]. The wastewater leaving the production line contains high organic matter, suspended solids and colour. This type of wastewater also include highly toxic and recalcitrant compounds such as phenols, chlorinated lignosulphonic acids, tannin/lignin, fatty acids, resin acids, absorbable organic halides (AOX), hydrocarbons, dibenzeo-pdioxin and dibenzofuran [4]. The bleaching step, the alkaline extraction process in particular contributes most importantly to the overall pollution load, although the volume of wastewater generated in the papermaking process is relatively low [5]. Five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) to chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio of pulp and paper mill wastewater is typically found in the range between 0.1 and 0.4 [6]. Polymerized tannins and lignins and their derivatives are not biodegradable and are the main sources of colour in wastewater [7–9]. Tannins absorb heat and light significantly, which leads to a decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO) and adversely affects the flora and fauna in the aquatic environment [10,11]. Moreover, other substances such as resin acids, long-chain fatty acids and organochlorides cause toxic effects on aquatic organisms and bioaccumulate in the aquatic food chain [12,13]. Therefore, the wastewater must be treated in order to remove these recalcitrant contaminants and in order to prevent their potentially harmful effects on the environment before discharging to receiving media.
Cleaner production solution selection for paper making – a case study of Latif paper products Co. Iran
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2018
Majid Azizi, Yaghoob Asadizadeh, Charles Ray, Yahya Hamzeh
The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, five major groups of cleaner production in Latif recycle paper mill (process change, product modification, renewal, preventive maintenance and man power) were identified. Weighting values of the factors and their sub-criteria were derived by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) using Expert Choice software. In the second stage, the weighted values of the solutions of cleaner production in the factory (reduction of environmental pollution, reduction of water consumption, reduction of raw material consumption, reduction of fuel consumption, reduction of electricity consumption, reduction of additives materials and reduction of solid wastes) were synthesised using the same technique. Our conclusion is that the factors process change and product modification were the most important criteria for significant process improvement. The study also indicated that existence of industrial automation and technology level was the most dominant sub-criterion priority for CP implementation in the Latif recycle paper mill. In addition, some higher priority sub-criteria such as: use of higher quality inclusion, and implementation of calibration system are related to process change. Therefore, to achieve cleaner production goals and implementation of its strategic objectives it is necessary to pay more attention to this criterion. Alternatives such as reduction of environmental pollution and water consumption are most important solutions to attain environmental process and energy improvement in the recycle paper mill. Using 100% deinked pulp, reducing the use of chemical materials, reducing the dependence and need on original paper, recycling of waste materials and exhaust gases, reduction of fossil fuel consumption lead to reduction of environmental pollution. On the other hand, closed systems without any wastewater, the use of modern refinement system, continuous availability of repairmen for leakages in pipes, as well as cylinder dryers and recycling of output water can cause reduction of water consumption. Results of sensitivity analysis reveal that if weight associated with product modification of the main criterion examined can justifiably be decreased, or if weights associated with process change, preventive maintenance and renewal justifiably increased, Alternative W (reduction of water consumption) will become the preferred option. Manpower criterion is not very sensitive in this regard.