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Concerning the research “Material history of the built environment and the conservation project” (2008–2020), methodology and results
Published in João Mascarenhas-Mateus, Ana Paula Pires, Manuel Marques Caiado, Ivo Veiga, History of Construction Cultures, 2021
It was also necessary to understand the distant or fictional technological imagery and the reality on the ground, so different when they are French, British, Italian or German, although the construction systems, even the heaviest such as Camus panels, have spread across Europe to the East and even crossed the Atlantic to Cuba or Chile. To understand this permanent development, it is necessary to analyse the systems in series and in number, because they are the record of a fundamental structural transformation: the transition from the massive gravity structure to the resilient structure, the driving force behind the development of load-bearing structures in civil architecture from 1850 to 1970. This paradigmatic change that began in the 19th century, with the extensive use of iron as a strong material, would subsequently be consolidated with the successive innovations developed with reinforced concrete, which builders said would be the material par excellence of the 20th century. Concrete becoming common, though industrialisation and prefabrication, also called for machined materials, such as steel, aluminium, wood, or synthetic materials, especially plastics, and even eternal stone (Figure 5).
Prefabricated housing firms in Japan and Sweden
Published in Jack S. Goulding, Farzad Pour Rahimian, Offsite Production and Manufacturing for Innovative Construction, 2019
From a scope perspective, this research specifically focused on prefabricated housing construction, encompassing detached housing and small and large multi-residential buildings. Prefabrication refers to the assembling of components in a factory setting prior to later construction. To establish a manageable scope for prefabricated housing in this research, only structural, panellised systems or volumetric construction were considered. These were considered the highest forms of prefabrication (Gibb and Isack, 2003), offering the greatest potential for improving outcomes in the housing industry.
Architecture Design of Internet of Things-Enabled Cloud Platform for Managing the Production of Prefabricated Public Houses
Published in Amir H. Alavi, William G. Buttlar, Data Analytics for Smart Cities, 2018
Clyde Zhengdao Li, Bo Yu, Cheng Fan, Jingke Hong
Prefabrication is a manufacturing process that combines various basic materials to form the component parts of the final installation in a specialized facility (Gibb, 1999), which is used to distinguished from traditional construction practice transporting the basic materials to the construction site. Prefabrication construction has long been recognized internationally to have numerous advantages over traditional construction technologies, it has the following benefits: (1) significant savings in construction schedule since concrete maintenance is not needed for components on-site (Tam and Hao 2014); (2) better on-site construction environment as a result of more optimal material usage, recycling, noise capture, and dust capture (Tam, Fung et al., 2015, Hong, Shen et al., 2016); (3) Lower energy consumption, water, and air pollution; (4) more control over the engineering standard (Li, Hong et al., 2016a). Therefore, prefabrication is recommended as a key vehicle in promoting efficient construction as well as in alleviating the adverse environmental impact of conventional cast-in-situ construction within developed construction industries (Li, Shen et al., 2014).
Barriers to lean implementation in engineer-to-order manufacturing with subsequent assembly on-site: state of the art and future directions
Published in Production Planning & Control, 2023
Felix Schulze, Patrick Dallasega
Prefabrication and Modularisation are common manufacturing methods where various components of a product or a building are produced or assembled at a facility before being joined at the final installation on-site (Stoettrup et al. 2019; Luo et al. 2020). These methods enable customised design at a cost close to mass production as well as shorter lead times and increased productivity (Jamil et al. 2018; Stoettrup et al. 2019; Luo et al. 2020). Prefabrication is a method used to prepare parts in an offsite factory that are moved to the site for installation (Babalola, Ibem, and Ezema 2019). As such, the production process can be performed in a controlled environment (in the fabrication hall) avoiding external disturbances, like bad weather conditions, reaching higher levels of efficiency and safety. The final assembly of components takes place on-site (Hermes 2015). Hermes (2015) describes Modularisation in the construction area as a systematic partition of an individual, complex building plan into as many equal areas as possible. Similarly, Babalola, Ibem, and Ezema (2019) define Modularisation as an approach that divides spaces into equal repeated sections (so-called modules) of similar size to foster the process of mass Prefabrication of components.
Design for manufacture and assembly (DfMA) in construction: the old and the new
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2021
Weisheng Lu, Tan Tan, Jinying Xu, Jing Wang, Ke Chen, Shang Gao, Fan Xue
DfMA is often discussed together with prefabrication or MiC in the literature. In Gibb’s (2001) widely accepted taxonomy of prefabrication adoption, Level 0 means a project does not use any form prefabrication at all, e.g. fully cast-in-situ; Level 1: Component and sub-assembly (e.g. lintels); Level 2: Non-volumetric assembly (e.g. 2-dimensional precast concrete wall panels, precast components with no usage space enclosed); Level 3: Volumetric assembly (e.g. volumetric bathrooms, kitchens with usable space enclosed); and Level 4: Modular building (e.g. 3- dimensional modules which form the fabric of the building structure). According to Tatum, Vanegas, and Williams (1987), prefabrication shifts the conventional cast in-situ, or a part of it, to offsite specialized facilities (e.g. a precast yard) where the raw materials are used to form a component or module of the final installation. Prefabrication can be achieved by carefully designing, manufacturing, transporting and installing the construction components (Mao, Shen, Shen, & Tang, 2013). MiC represents one specific type where free-standing integrated modules with finishes, fixtures and fittings are manufactured in a prefabrication factory and then transported to site for installation (CIC, 2019). Compared to traditional construction methods, prefabrication/MiC is competitive in reducing cost, time, and waste generated in the construction phase (Tam, Tam, Zeng, & Ng, 2007; Yuan et al., 2018).
A novel mathematical optimisation model for the scheduling of activities in modular construction factories
Published in Construction Management and Economics, 2020
Ahmed Wa Hammad, Hanna Grzybowska, Monty Sutrisna, Ali Akbarnezhad, Assed Haddad
In terms of industrialisation in the construction field, prefabrication is merely regarded as the first level of industrialisation before mechanisation, automation, robotics, and reproduction (Richard 2005). Prefabrication can be defined as the process of constructing building and/or infrastructure components in an off-site location (Gibb 1999). Modular construction is the highest level of prefabrication where full sets of the building are constructed and assembled within controlled environments such as precast yards or factories (Bernstein et al. 2011). The use of modularisation in construction is associated with significant advantages, including the reduction in time (Goodier and Gibb 2005), cost (Emmitt and Gorse 2010), along with increases in safety and quality (Bohari et al. 2012, Mohamad Bohari et al. 2015). Modular construction projects involve two main types of activities, namely offsite construction activities, conducted in a dedicated manufacturing facility/factory, and residual onsite construction activities. There have been challenges reported in scheduling the two groups of activities including difficulties in synchronising the two group of activities, managing uncertainty and variability of the onsite operations, and optimising the offsite manufacturing process (Kerzner and Kerzner 2017, Sutrisna et al. 2018).