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Prefabrication in construction: A preliminary study in India and Portugal
Published in Paulo Jorge da Silva Bartolo, Fernando Moreira da Silva, Shaden Jaradat, Helena Bartolo, Industry 4.0 – Shaping The Future of The Digital World, 2020
S. Vijayakumar, F. Craveiro, V. Lopes, H. Bártolo
Dakwale et al. (2011) sustains that there is a growing demand for new construction methods, faster delivery times, lighter structural components, and lower life-cycle costs. Modular construction, based on the production of standardized structural components in a factory environment subsequently assembled onsite, include an innovative set of systems, which can be used separately or in hybrid systems depending on project complexity and scale. Prefabrication, including either completely modular buildings or individual prefabricated components, can increase productivity and efficiency with a high-quality level. However, these prefabrication techniques require a high level of knowledge and experience, coupled with a high quality of onsite application.
Modular Systems for Energy Usage in Computer and Electrical/Electronic Applications
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Modular Systems for Energy Usage Management, 2020
Prefabricated modules are pre-engineered, preassembled/integrated, and pretested data center physical infrastructure systems (i.e., racks, chillers, pumps, cooling units, UPS, power distribution units (PDUs), switchgear, transformers, etc.) that are delivered as standardized “plug-in” modules to a data center site. This contrasts with the traditional approach of provisioning physical infrastructure for a data center with unique one-time engineering, as well as all assembly, installation, and integration occurring at the construction site. The benefits of prefabricated modules include more predictable costs and efficiencies, time savings, space savings, simplified planning, improved reliability, improved agility, and a higher level of vendor accountability. Prefabricated modules may take the form of traditional ISO shipping containers or, more likely, the form of a purpose built enclosure. Modules can also be built on a skid. Deployment of prefabricated modules can be 40% faster but has approximately the same capital cost when compared to a traditional build out of the same infrastructure. The cost analysis demonstrates that, while the material cost comes at a premium for prefabricated systems, the installation and space savings offset the premium and overall costs are approximately equal.
Interplay of Design, Technology, Manufacturing and Business
Published in Branko Kolarevic, José Pinto Duarte, Mass Customization and Design Democratization, 2018
A spectrum of off-site construction approaches currently exists between panelized construction and modular construction. The two ends of this spectrum are important to understand as each has benefits and liabilities. Panelized construction builds an entire home in a factory out of prefabricated panels. The panels are assembled in the factory and then taken apart and shipped flat or flat-packed. This approach minimizes shipping volume and shipping costs but these panels must be reassembled on-site. The assembly process can often be slowed by trying to find the correct panel that is needed at that point in the process. The house gets enclosed faster than traditional construction, making it weathertight, but the expensive systems, such as plumbing, electrical and mechanical systems, must be installed on-site by tradespeople. The other end of the spectrum is modular construction. This approach maximizes the volume able to be placed on a truck for shipping. Anyone who has driven through Pennsylvania on Route 80 has probably passed a modular home on a truck with cars ahead and behind signaling the wide load. Modular construction is very fast on-site, but a large crane is necessary to place the modules, and access to the site can be difficult with the large house chunks being brought in. The shipping and cost of the crane must be overcome by efficiencies and cost savings in the factory.4
Progressive collapse and robustness of modular high-rise buildings
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2022
Huu-Tai Thai, Quang Vu Ho, Wenqian Li, Tuan Ngo
Although modular construction is not a new concept, it is becoming more popular due to recent advances in construction materials, computational modelling methods and construction technologies. Modular construction can allow for up to 95% of a building to be prefabricated in a controlled factory environment. This offers faster and safer manufacturing with better quality control, and reduces environmental impacts compared to traditional onsite construction (Lawson, Ogden, & Bergin, 2012; Lawson & Richards, 2010). The application of modular construction has been increasing in recent years especially in the US, the UK, Australia and Singapore, where housing shortages and labour costs are significant concerns. However, its practical application for high-rise buildings is still very limited with less than 1% of modular buildings (Pan, Yang, & Yang, 2018). This is due to the fact that the construction industry is not confident in implementing such technology due to the lack of design guidelines (Ferdous, Bai, Ngo, Manalo, & Mendis, 2019; Lacey, Chen, Hao, & Bi, 2018), as well as insufficient understanding of the stability and robustness of modular buildings.
Study on mechanical behavior and optimization of prefabricated square column H-beam outer-shell joint
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2020
Yuze Tian, Meng Liu, Zenghui Jia, Yuanyuan Dai
With the promotion of “the green building” prefabricated building becomes the trend of the development of buildings in the future. The prefabricated in factory and transported to the scene by means of transportation will be the construction method. Prefabricated building can not only achieve production industrialization, construction mechanization, labor saving and shorten the construction cycle, but also reduce the production of pollutants and promote the development of building energy conservation. The frame structure is the main structural form in the steel structure building, it is mainly composed of beams, columns and joints. The connection between the beam and the column is mainly transferred by the node. The strength of the node directly determines the safety, applicability and durability of the building. Therefore, connecting joints as an important part of the structure, to ensure the overall safety of the structure is crucial [1]. Design is an important link connecting nodes fabricated building design, but also an important part of promoting the development of prefabricated buildings.
An improved artificial bee colony algorithm for addressing distributed flow shop with distance coefficient in a prefabricated system
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2019
Jun-qing Li, Shun-Chang Bai, Pei-yong Duan, Hong-yan Sang, Yu-yan Han, Zhi-xin Zheng
During recent years, many research works have focused on the green intelligent building optimisation problems, such as multi-zone HVAC system (Zeng, Zhang, and Kusiak 2015), optimal chiller loading optimisation problem (Duan et al. 2018; Zheng and Li 2018; Zheng, Li, and Duan 2019), and precast construction optimisation problems (Leu and Hwang 2001, 2002; Chan and Hu 2002; Benjaoran and Dawood 2003; Benjaoran, Dawood, and Hobbs 2005; Ko and Wang 2011; Chen, Yang, and Tai 2016; Yang, Ma, and Wu 2016). Compared to in-site concrete structures, precast concrete structures exhibit higher levels of production efficiency and showed more and are playing a more important role by employing highly effective manufacturing processes (Yang, Ma, and Wu 2016). Kong et al. (2017) considered the manufacture, transportation and on-site assembly sectors of precast construction projects, and proposed a dynamic programming algorithm and significantly reduced the construction waste. Chen et al. (2018) studied an automated guided vehicle (AGV)-based flow production system for the modular prefabricated horizon, and proposed a simulation based non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. In precast production, a prefabricated building is manufactured and constructed via prefabrication from factory-made components transported and assembled on-site to form a complete building. Therefore, precast construction projects can generally be divided into three sectors, i.e. manufacture processing, transportation and on-site assembly (Yang, Ma, and Wu 2016).