China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Voltage, Current, and Power
Published in Muhammad H. Rashid, Ahmad Hemami, Electricity and Electronics for Renewable Energy Technology, 2017
For measuring current one can use an ammeter, which measures the electric current only, or use a multimeter. A multimeter is a multipurpose device that can measure current in addition to voltage and resistance. It has the capability to measure additional entities, such as capacitance and frequency. In circuit schematics a circle with a letter “A” in it represents an ammeter, as shown in Figure 5.1. Similarly, a circle with a letter “V” in it represents a voltmeter, which measures voltage. Note that all the components (including the source) and wires in a single circuit (one loop only) have the same current. In Chapter 6 we will discuss multiloop circuits.
Controlling Electrical Appliances Using Relay
Published in Anudeep Juluru, Shriram K. Vasudevan, T. S. Murugesh, fied!, 2023
Anudeep Juluru, Shriram K. Vasudevan, T. S. Murugesh
A multimeter is a measuring device that is used to measure various electrical properties like DC voltage, AC voltage, current, resistance and many more. Figure 14.7 shows a commonly used low-cost digital multimeter along with explanation of each section functionality. Always remember to keep the multimeter knob at OFF after usage because keeping the multimeter ON might drain the battery or cause battery leakage which might damage the whole multimeter.
Circularly Polarized DR-Rectenna for 5G and Wi-Fi Bands RF Energy Harvesting in Smart City Applications
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2022
Daasari Surender, Md. Ahsan Halimi, Taimoor Khan, Fazal A. Talukdar, Yahia M.M. Antar
The proposed rectenna system has been designed for harvesting RF energy in an ambient environment only. Usually, the input power available in the ambient environment is approximately 0 dBm. For our proposed design, the achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 47% and 34% at 3.5 and 5.8 GHz for 0 dBm input power which is within the acceptable limit for harvesting RF energy in the ambient environments. However, due to some infrastructural constraints, practical validation in ambient setup is not possible. For this reason, an experimental measurement setup has been created to test the rectenna using a dedicated horn antenna setup as presented in Figure 15 which can also be treated as a specific case of the ambient environment. For the measurement, a test antenna such as a horn antenna has been used for radiation purposes in the indoor environment. The test antenna is operated at the operating frequencies of 3.5 and 5.8 GHz. The implemented rectenna is placed at a distance of 100 cm away from the transmitting antenna. The output from the rectenna system is usually carried by a voltmeter/ multimeter.
Effects of electrolyte on the removal of fluorine from red mud by electrokinetic remediation
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Ming Zhou, Shufa Zhu, Xuefeng Wei
Total fluorine concentration in the electrolyte was directly measured by the selective ion electrode method, and that in red mud was measured by the selective ion electrode method after alkali fusion (fluoride ion electrode, Model Number: pF-1-01 and a reference electrode, Model Number: 232-01, Shanghai INESA Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd. China). To transfer pollutants from solid samples into solution, their fusion with an acid digestion of the samples is widely used. It was easy for using acid digestion, but it may result in fluorine losses due to the volatility of the formed HF. So alkaline fusion was used during the measurement of fluorine in red mud [31,32]. During the measurement, total ionic strength adjustment buffer (58.8 g Na3C6H5O7·2H2O, 85 g NaNO3 and 1000 g distilled water) was used to separate fluorine from the Fe and Al complex before the measurement. Electric current of the EKR experiment was measured by the multimeter (F15B+, Fluke, U.S.A.). Energy consumption of the EKR process was calculated by Equation 1: where E (kWh/kg) is the energy consumption of the EKR experiment. M (kg), U (V), I (A) and t (hr) of the equation represent the quantity of red mud, electric voltage, electric current and experimental time, respectively.
Effect of Surface Tension Variation of the Working Fluid on the Performance of a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe
Published in Heat Transfer Engineering, 2019
Manoj Kumar, Ravi Kant, Arup Kumar Das, Prasanta Kumar Das
In the present work, the uncertainties in the measured parameters include uncertainty in flow, voltage, current, temperature, power and thermal resistance. The flow rate of water was controlled by a rotameter which has an uncertainty of ± 0.1 liter per minute. The temperature was measured with calibrated K-type thermocouples and the associated error was ± 0.5°C. The uncertainties in the voltage and current measurement were taken from the calibration data of multimeter. The thermal resistance of a PHP depends on the input power and the temperature difference between the evaporator and the condenser sections (see Equation (3)). The relative uncertainty ofFigure 3, Figure 4 thermal resistance measurement is calculated based on the technique suggested by Moffat [42]: